Keleawe Maʻemaʻe Kiʻekiʻe, Kāla, a me ka Alumini: Koho ʻana i nā Mea Alakaʻi a me ke Kūlike me nā Mea Uea

I ka hana ʻana o ke kaula a me ke kaula uila, ʻo nā mea hana alakaʻi ka mea nui e komo pū me ke kālā, ke keleawe, a me ka alumini. Hāʻawi ke kālā i ka conductivity uila kiʻekiʻe loa, akā ma muli o kona kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā kaula hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe, nā kaula mea kani pololei, a me nā kaula leo kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke keleawe ka conductivity lua wale nō i ke kālā a hāʻawi i ka hiki ke hana maikaʻi loa, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka palaho, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā kaula mana, nā uwea hale, nā kaula hoʻomalu, a me nā kaula kamaʻilio. ʻO ka conductivity o ka alumini ma kahi o 60% o ke keleawe (ma kahi o 61% IACS) ʻoiai he hoʻokahi hapakolu wale nō o ka nui o ke keleawe a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai i nā kaula insulated aerial, nā laina hoʻoili, a me nā kaula mana ʻāpana nui.

ʻAʻole hilinaʻi wale ka hana o kahi alakaʻi i ka metala ponoʻī akā i ka kūlike o nā hui insulation, nā hui sheathing, a me nā ʻōnaehana mea pili. Ke lawe nei i ke keleawe ʻole oxygen kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā mea e alakaʻi ai i nā pilikia paʻa interface i ka wā o ka lawelawe lōʻihi, e hoʻopilikia paha i ka hana uila a me ka hilinaʻi. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC),Polyethylene i hoʻopili ʻia (XLPE), a me nā hui hoʻokaʻawale Polypropylene (PP) he ʻano like ʻole ko kēlā me kēia ma ke ʻano o ke kūpaʻa wela, ka hana uila, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. I waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka XLPE a me PP no nā noi e koi ana i nā helu mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hana uila i hoʻonui ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ke alakaʻi-insulation he mea nui ia e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hoʻolālā kaula.

I ke kaʻina hana huki uea, hoʻomohala nā alakaʻi keleawe i ke kaumaha kūloko, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka conductivity uila. Ma o ka annealing, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka conductivity me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika mechanical o nā alakaʻi keleawe palupalu i annealed. ʻO ka hopena, pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ke kaomi alakaʻi, ka mahana extrusion, a me nā kūlana hoʻoluʻu i ka wā o ka extrusion insulation e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke alakaʻi a me ke kūlike o ka papa insulation. Hōʻike kēia i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma waena o ka hana ʻana o ke alakaʻi a me nā kaʻina hana extrusion insulation.

I ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hopena o ka ʻili ke kumu e kau ai ke au uila ma luna o ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi, e hoʻolilo ana i nā ʻano conductivity o ka ʻili i mea nui loa. I kekahi mau noi koʻikoʻi i ke kumukūʻai, hoʻohana ʻia nā alakaʻi Copper-Clad Aluminum (CCA) e kaulike i ke kumukūʻai a me ke kaumaha, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā alakaʻi Silver-Coated Copper (SCC) a i ʻole nā ​​​​alakaʻi keleawe i uhi ʻia i ke kālā i nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea insulation me ka dielectric constant haʻahaʻa a me ka pohō dielectric haʻahaʻa—e like me Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE), Foam Polypropylene (Foam PP), a me nā hui XLPE maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe—hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hōʻailona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoili alapine kiʻekiʻe.

Pono nā ʻano hana like ʻole i nā mea alakaʻi like ʻole. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoikaika nā kaula hōʻailona kaʻaahi i nā alakaʻi keleawe e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hōʻailona. Hoʻohana nui nā laina hoʻoili lewa i nā alakaʻi alumini, i hui pū ʻia me ka PVC kūpaʻa i ka wā a i ʻole ka uhi ʻeleʻele Polyethylene (PE) no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻoikaika pinepine nā kaula moana a me nā kaula kai i nā hui uhi Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) e hoʻokō i nā koi palekana ahi haʻahaʻa-uahi, ʻaʻohe halogen, a me ka haʻahaʻa-ʻawahia. I nā kaula uila uila kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻa ikehu hou (NEV), pono nā alakaʻi alumini i nā hui insulation XLPE kūpono, nā hui uhi pale wela, a me nā hoʻonā pili terminal kūikawā e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi pili lōʻihi.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ke koho ʻana i ke alakaʻi ʻaʻole wale nō e pili ana i ka conductivity, ka ikaika mechanical, ke kaumaha, a me ke kumukūʻai, akā ʻo ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā hui insulation, nā hui sheathing, a me nā mea kaula e pili ana. Nā mea e like me nā hui insulation XLPE, nā hui sheathing PVC,Nā hui LSZH, Foam PE, a me Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) e hoʻopili pololei i ka hana uila, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ke ola lawelawe o nā alakaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono ma waena o nā alakaʻi a me nā mea kaula he mea nui ia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hilinaʻi o ke kaula a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono.