Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka uea a me nā huahana uea i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui: conductors, insulation layers, shielding layers and sheaths, a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā mea a me nā mea tensile, etc. E like me nā koi hoʻohana a me nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi o nā huahana, ʻo kekahi mau huahana he mea maʻalahi loa nā hale, me hoʻokahi wale nō structural component, ka uea, e like me ka overhead wire barebareminum. (busbars), etc. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka insulation uila waho o kēia mau huahana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insulators a me ka mamao spatial i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulation ea).
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huahana uea a me nā huahana uwea like ʻole ke ʻano o ke ʻano keʻa (me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā hewa hana) a aia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana lōʻihi. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ka hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kaapuni a i ʻole nā coils i nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā mea hana. No laila, i ke aʻo ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā huahana kelepona, pono wale nō e nānā a nānā ʻia mai kā lākou mau ʻāpana.
ʻO kēia ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaula a me nā mea uila.
1. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Cable: Conductor
ʻO nā uea ka mea nui loa a koʻikoʻi no nā huahana e hana i ka hana o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike nalu o kēia manawa a i ʻole electromagnetic. ʻO ke kaula ka pōkole o ke kumu conductive.
He aha nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā conductors cable? Hana ʻia nā mea o nā conductors me nā metala non-ferrous me ka conductivity uila maikaʻi loa e like me ke keleawe a me ka alumini. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā uwea optical i loko o nā ʻupena kamaʻilio optical i ulu wikiwiki i nā makahiki he ʻekolu i hala a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā fiber optical e like me nā conductors.
2. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kelepona: ʻĀpana hoʻomākaʻi
ʻO ka papa insulating he mea ia e uhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka uea a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he insulator uila. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia i ka hele ʻana o nā nalu i hoʻouna ʻia a i ʻole electromagnetic, nā nalu māmā e hele wale ma ka uea a ʻaʻole kahe i waho. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mana ma luna o ka conductor (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻokoʻa hiki i nā mea a puni, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka volta). ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hōʻoia i ka hana maʻamau o ka uwea a me ka palekana o nā mea waho a me nā kānaka. ʻO nā uea a me nā ʻāpana insulation nā ʻāpana kumu ʻelua e pono ai e hana i nā huahana uea (koe wale nā uea ʻole).
He aha nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kelepona: I nā uea a me nā kaula i kēia lā, hāʻule ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea insulation cable i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: plastics a me ka rubber. ʻO nā mea polymer ka mea nui, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o nā uea a me nā huahana kelepona kūpono no nā hoʻohana like ʻole a me nā koi kūlohelohe. ʻO nā mea hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau no nā uea a me nā kaula he polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene pili kea (XLPE), nā fluoroplastics, nā pūhui lāʻau lapaʻau, nā pūhui ethylene propylene rubber, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe silikoni.
3. Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kaula: Sheath
Ke hoʻokomo ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, pono nā ʻāpana e pale i ka huahana holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka ʻāpana insulation. ʻO kēia ka puʻu. No ka mea, pono nā mea insulating e loaʻa i nā waiwai insulation uila maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano āpau, pono e koi i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo i kona hiki ke pale aku i ka honua o waho. No laila, pono ke kuleana o nā hale pale ʻē aʻe no ke kū ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole mai waho (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka pūnaewele hoʻohana a i ka wā e hoʻohana ai), ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kaiapuni o ka lewa, ka pale ʻana i nā kemika a i ʻole ka aila, ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino olaola, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pōʻino ahi. ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā kaula kelepona ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ke ahi, ka pale ʻana i ke ahi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Nui nā huahana kelepona i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kaiapuni waho maikaʻi (e like me ka maʻemaʻe, maloʻo, a me nā kaiapuni i loko me ka ʻole o nā mana o waho), a i ʻole nā mea me nā mea insulation i loaʻa i kekahi ikaika mechanical a me ke kū ʻana o ka wā, hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻāpana pale.
He aha ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe uwea ma laila? ʻO nā mea nui o ke kaula kaula e pili ana i ka'ōpala, ka plastic, ka uhi, ka silicone, a me nā huahana fiber likeʻole, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua a me nā mea palaki ke ʻano o ka wai permeability, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea polymer kiʻekiʻe me ke kūpaʻa wai kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he insulation cable. A laila nīnau paha kekahi mau mea hoʻohana no ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka plastic i ka pale pale ma ka mākeke? Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā sheaths plastic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka elasticity a me ka maʻalahi o nā sheaths, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka ʻelemakule, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hana hana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mīkini a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka wai, a he nui nā kumu waiwai, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma ka mākeke. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā hoa ʻoihana aia kekahi ʻano o ka pū metala. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā sheaths metala nā hana pale mechanical akā ʻo ka hana pale i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo nei. Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai e like me ka corrosion resistance, compressive and tensile strength, a me ke kūpaʻa wai, hiki ke pale i ka makū a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ka insulation cable. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e like me nā sheaths no nā ʻaila-impregnated pepa insulated mana uwea me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai.
4. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaula: ʻO ka pale pale
ʻO ka papa pale kahi mea nui i nā huahana kelepona no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kahua electromagnetic. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke pale wale i nā hōʻailona electromagnetic kūloko mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i waho a keakea ʻana i nā mea kani o waho, nā mika a i ʻole nā laina ʻē aʻe, akā pale pū kekahi i nā nalu electromagnetic waho mai ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kelepona ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana. Ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka papa pale ma waho o ke kaula akā aia pū kekahi ma waena o nā hui a i ʻole nā pūʻulu o nā uea i nā uea multi-core, e hoʻokumu ana i nā "pale hoʻokaʻawale electromagnetic". I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā pono no nā kelepona kamaʻilio kiʻekiʻe a me ka anti-interference, ua ulu nā mea pale mai ka pepa metallized kuʻuna a me nā pepa pepa semiconductor a hiki i nā mea hoʻohui hou e like mealumini pepa mylar lipine, keleawe foil mylar lipine, a me keleawe lipine. ʻO nā hale pale maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻāpana pale i loko i hana ʻia me nā polymers conductive a i ʻole nā lipine semiconductive, a me nā papa pale o waho e like me ka copper tape longitudinal wrapping a braided copper mesh. Ma waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ka papa braided i ke keleawe-plated tin e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. No nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi kūikawā, e like me nā uwea hoʻololi-frequency me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lipine keleawe + uea keleawe composite pale, nā uwea ʻikepili e hoʻohana ana i ka alumini foil longitudinal wrapping + streamline design, a me nā uwea lāʻau e koi ana i nā ʻāpana keleawe-plated copper braided kiʻekiʻe. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke au 5G, ua lilo ke ʻano pale pale hybrid o ka lipine composite aluminika-plastic a me ka ulana uea keleawe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka tin-plated. Hōʻike ka hana ʻoihana i ka ulu ʻana o ka papa pale mai kahi ʻano mea hoʻohui i kahi ʻāpana kumu kūʻokoʻa o ke kaula. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea pono e noʻonoʻo pono i nā hiʻohiʻona pinepine, ka hana kuʻi ʻana a me nā kumu kumukūʻai e hoʻokō ai i nā koi hoʻohālikelike electromagnetic o nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi like ʻole.
5. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kaula: ʻO ka hoʻopiha piha
Nui nā huahana uea a me nā uea he multi-core. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā uwea mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he ʻehā a i ʻole ʻelima mau kaula (kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana ʻekolu-phase), a hele mai nā kelepona kelepona i 800 mau pālua, 1200 mau ʻāpana, 2400 mau ʻāpana a 3600 mau pālua. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o kēia mau uea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole hui ʻia (a i ʻole i nā hui i nā manawa he nui), ʻelua pilikia: ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole i poepoe ke ʻano, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he mau āwaha nui ma waena o nā core uea insulated. No laila, pono e hoʻohui ʻia kahi hoʻopiha piha i ka wā o ka cabling. ʻO ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana e hana i ke anawaena o waho o ka cabling me ka poepoe, e kūpono ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka extrusion o ka sheath, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kaula a me ka ikaika o loko. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana (i ka wā e hoʻolōʻihi ai, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kūlou i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana), hoʻohana ʻia ka ikaika me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ke ʻano o loko o ke kaula. No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana he mea kōkua, pono nō hoʻi, a aia nā lula kikoʻī e pili ana i kāna koho ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻano.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha: ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā mea hoʻopiha no nā kaula e pili ana i ka tape polypropylene, ke kaula PP non-woven, ke kaula hemp, a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai ʻole i hana ʻia mai ka lāʻau recycled. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha, pono ia e loaʻa nā ʻano o ka hopena ʻole i nā hopena ʻino i ka core cable insulated, ʻaʻole i hygroscopic ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia a ʻaʻole ʻino.
6. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kaula: Nā mea ʻuʻuku
ʻO nā uea kuʻuna a me nā huahana uwea e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāpana pale kaua o ka puʻu e pale aku i nā ikaika tensile o waho a i ʻole nā ikaika tensile i hoʻokumu ʻia e ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau, ʻo ia ka pale kila a me ka uea uea kila (no ka laʻana, no nā uwea submarine, hoʻohana ʻia nā uea kila mānoanoa me ke anawaena o 8mm a wili ʻia e hana i ka papa pale kaua). Eia nō naʻe, i mea e pale aku ai i nā fibre optical mai nā ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi a pale i ka deformation liʻiliʻi o nā fibers i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana hoʻoili, ua lako ʻia ke ʻano o ke kaula fiber optical me ka pale mua a me ka lua a me nā ʻāpana ikaika tensile i hoʻolaʻa ʻia. Eia kekahi, inā hoʻohana ke kelepona poʻo o ke kelepona paʻa i kahi ʻano kahi i ʻeha ʻia ai ke kaula keleawe maikaʻi a i ʻole ka lipine keleawe lahilahi a puni nā filament fiber synthetic a hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi papa insulating ma waho, ʻo kēia filament fiber synthetic ka mea tensile. I ka hopena, i loko o nā huahana kūikawā, liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei e koi ana i nā hoʻohana he nui a me ka wili ʻana, ʻo nā mea tensile ke kuleana nui.
He aha nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia no nā ʻāpana tensile cable: nā ʻāpana kila, nā uea kila, a me nā ʻāpana kila kila
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-25-2025