He aha nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā uwea a me nā kaula pale ahi?

ʻO ke kaula lapalapa ahi, e pili ana i ke kaula me nā kūlana pale ahi, ma ke ʻano maʻamau i ka hihia o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ma hope o ke puhi ʻia ʻana o ke kaula, inā ʻoki ʻia ka lako mana, e kāohi ʻia ke ahi i loko o kahi ākea, ʻaʻole e pālahalaha, me ka pale ahi a kāohi i ka hana uahi ʻawahia. ʻO ke kaula lapalapa ahi ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka palekana uila, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i kāna mea, ʻo ka mākeke o kēia manawa e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai nā mea uea pale ahi e komo pū ana mePVC, XLPE, ka laholio silicone a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale mineral.

Koho ʻana i nā mea uea a me ke kaula e pale aku ai i ke ahi

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu oxygen o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kaula lapalapa ahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana lapalapa ahi, akā me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka helu oxygen, pono e nalowale kekahi mau waiwai ʻē aʻe. Inā hoʻemi ʻia nā waiwai kino a me nā waiwai hana o ka mea, paʻakikī ka hana, a hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka mea, no laila pono e koho pono a kūpono i ka helu oxygen, hiki i ka helu oxygen o ka mea insulation maʻamau i 30, hiki i ka huahana ke hala i nā koi hoʻāʻo o ka papa C ma ke kūlana, inā he mau mea lapalapa ahi nā mea uhi a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana, hiki i ka huahana ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka Papa B a me ka Papa A. ʻO nā mea uea lapalapa ahi a me nā mea uwea i māhele nui ʻia i nā mea lapalapa ahi halogenated a me nā mea lapalapa ahi halogen-free;

1. Nā mea pale ahi halogenated

Ma muli o ka palaho a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hydrogen halide i ka wā e wela ai ka puhi ʻana, hiki i ka hydrogen halide ke hopu i ke aʻa radical manuahi HO, i hiki ai ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia a kinai ʻia paha ka puhi ʻana o ka mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka lapalapa ahi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo polyvinyl chloride, neoprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

(1) Polyvinyl chloride pale ahi (PVC): Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o PVC, ka insulation maikaʻi a me ka pale ahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i loko o ka uea a me ke kaula pale ahi maʻamau. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ahi o PVC, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea pale ahi halogen (decabromodiphenyl ethers), nā paraffins chlorinated a me nā mea pale ahi synergic i ke ʻano hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ahi o PVC.

ʻO ka ʻōpala Ethylene propylene (EPDM): nā hydrocarbons non-polar, me nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa insulation kiʻekiʻe, ka pohō dielectric haʻahaʻa, akā ʻoiai he mea lapalapa ka ʻōpala ethylene propylene, pono e hoʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke crosslinking ethylene propylene rubber, e hoʻemi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kaulahao molekala i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā waiwai lapalapa o ka mea;

(2) Nā mea pale ahi haʻahaʻa i ka uahi a me ka halogen haʻahaʻa
ʻO ka mea nui no ka polyvinyl chloride a me ka chlorosulfonated polyethylene ʻelua mau mea. Hoʻohui ʻo CaCO3 a me A(IOH)3 i ke ʻano o PVC. Hiki i ka Zinc borate a me MoO3 ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o HCL a me ka nui o ka uahi o ka polyvinyl chloride flame retardant, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka flame retardancy o ka mea, e hōʻemi ana i ka halogen, ka noe waikawa, a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka uahi, akā hiki ke hoʻemi iki i ka helu oxygen.

2. Nā mea pale ahi ʻole Halogen

ʻO nā Polyolefins he mau mea halogen-free, nona nā hydrocarbons e wāwahi i ke kalapona dioxide a me ka wai i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i ka uahi nui a me nā kinoea ʻino. ʻO ka Polyolefin ka mea nui e hoʻokomo i ka polyethylene (PE) a me nā polymers ethylene - vinyl acetate (E-VA). ʻAʻohe o kēia mau mea i ka flame retardant, pono e hoʻohui i nā inorganic flame retardants a me nā phosphorus series flame retardants, i mea e hana ai i nā mea halogen-free flame retardant; Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka nele o nā hui polar ma ke kaulahao molekala o nā mea non-polar me ka hydrophobicity, ʻilihune ka pilina me nā inorganic flame retardants, paʻakikī ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka ʻili o ka polyolefin, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā surfactants i ke ʻano. A i ʻole i loko o ka polyolefin i hui pū ʻia me nā polymers e loaʻa ana nā hui polar, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka mea hoʻopiha flame retardant, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me nā waiwai hana o ka mea, me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka flame retardant maikaʻi aʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa ka uea a me ke kaula flame retardant, a he aloha loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaiapuni.