He aha ke kaula pale a no ke aha he mea nui ka papa pale?

ʻO ke kaula pale, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, he kaula me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic waho i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi kaula hoʻoili me kahi papa pale. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pale" ma ke ʻano o ke kaula he ana hoʻi ia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kahua uila. Ua haku ʻia ke alakaʻi o ke kaula me nā kaula he nui o ke kaula, kahi maʻalahi ke hana i kahi hakahaka ea ma waena ona a me ka papa insulation, a ʻaʻole laumania ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka nui o ke kahua uila.

1. Papa pale uwea
(1). E hoʻohui i kahi papa pale o ka mea semi-conductive ma luna o ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi, kahi e like me ka mea pale me ka mea pale a pili pono me ka papa insulation, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa ma waena o ke alakaʻi a me ka papa insulation. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia papa pale ʻo ia ka papa pale o loko. Aia paha he mau hakahaka i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻili insulation a me ka ʻūpā, a i ka wā e kūlou ai ke kaula, maʻalahi ka ʻili insulation uwea pepa ʻaila e hana i nā māwae, ʻo ia nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.

(2). E hoʻohui i kahi papa pale o ka mea semi-conductive ma luna o ka ʻili o ka papa insulation, kahi i pili pono me ka papa insulation pale a me ka hiki like me ka ʻūpā metala, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa ma waena o ka papa insulation a me ka ʻūpā.

I mea e alakaʻi like ai i ke kumu a hoʻokaʻawale i ke kahua uila, ʻo nā kaula mana uila waena a kiʻekiʻe 6kV a ʻoi aku ka nui he papa pale alakaʻi a me kahi papa pale hoʻokaʻawale, a ʻo kekahi mau kaula uila haʻahaʻa ʻaʻohe papa pale. ʻElua ʻano o nā papa pale: pale semi-conductive a me ka pale metala.

2. Uea pale ʻia
ʻO ka papa pale o kēia kaula ua ulana nui ʻia i loko o kahi pūnaewele o nā kaula metala a i ʻole kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala, a he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pale hoʻokahi a me ka pale he nui. ʻO ka pale hoʻokahi e pili ana i kahi ʻupena pale hoʻokahi a i ʻole ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale, hiki ke kāʻei i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau kaula. ʻO ke ʻano pale he nui nā pūnaewele pale, a aia ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale i loko o hoʻokahi kaula. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic ma waena o nā kaula, a ʻo kekahi he pale pālua i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ka hopena pale. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana, ʻo ia ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka papa pale e hoʻokaʻawale i ka volta hoʻopilikia i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka kaula waho.

(1). Pale pale semi-conductive
Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ka papa pale semi-conductive ma luna o ka ʻili waho o ke kumu uea conductive a me ka ʻili waho o ka papa insulation, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka papa pale semi-conductive o loko a me ka papa pale semi-conductive o waho. Hana ʻia ka papa pale semi-conductive i kahi mea semi-conductive me ka resistivity haʻahaʻa loa a me ka mānoanoa lahilahi. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papa pale semi-conductive o loko e hoʻohālikelike i ke kahua uila ma ka ʻili waho o ke kumu conductor a pale i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa o ke alakaʻi a me ka insulation ma muli o ka ʻili like ʻole o ke alakaʻi a me ka hakahaka ea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kumu stranded. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka pale semi-conductive o waho me ka ʻili waho o ka papa insulation, a he equipotential me ka ʻūpā metala e pale aku i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa me ka ʻūpā metala ma muli o nā hemahema e like me nā māwae ma ka ʻili insulation uwea.

(2). Pale hao
No nā kaula mana uila waena a me ka haʻahaʻa me ka ʻole o nā uhi metala, me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi papa pale semi-conductive, akā e hoʻohui pū i kahi papa pale metala. ʻO ka papa pale metala maʻamau e wahī ʻia elipine keleawea i ʻole ka uea keleawe, ka mea nui e pale i ke kahua uila.

Ma muli o ke au ma o ke kaula mana he nui loa, e hoʻoulu ʻia ke kahua magnetic a puni ke au, i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, no laila hiki i ka papa pale ke pale i kēia kahua electromagnetic i loko o ke kaula. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka papa pale kaula ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ka pale ʻana i ka honua. Inā ua hōʻino ʻia ke kumu o ke kaula, hiki i ke au i hoʻokahe ʻia ke kahe ma ke kahe laminar pale, e like me ka pūnaewele honua, e pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ka pale palekana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he nui loa ke kuleana o ka papa pale kaula.