Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana kūkulu o nā huahana uea a me ke kaula i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui:nā alakaʻi, nā papa hoʻokaʻawale, nā papa pale a me nā papa pale, me nā ʻāpana hoʻopiha a me nā mea tensile. Wahi a nā koi hoʻohana a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi, he maʻalahi loa kekahi mau ʻano huahana, me nā mea alakaʻi wale nō ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kūkulu, e like me nā uea ʻōlohelohe ma luna, nā uea pūnaewele pili, nā busbars keleawe-alumini (busbars), a pēlā aku. Hilinaʻi ka insulation uila o waho o kēia mau huahana i nā insulators i ka wā o ke kau ʻana a me ka mamao spatial (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka insulation ea) e hōʻoia i ka palekana.
1. Nā alakaʻi
ʻO nā alakaʻi nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa a pono ʻole e kuleana no ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻike uila a i ʻole ka ʻike nalu electromagnetic i loko o kahi huahana. ʻO nā alakaʻi, i kapa pinepine ʻia he mau uea conductive, ua hana ʻia mai nā metala non-ferrous kiʻekiʻe e like me ke keleawe, ka alumini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kaula fiber optic i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical e ulu wikiwiki nei i nā makahiki he kanakolu i hala iho nei e hoʻohana i nā fiber optical ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi.
2. Nā Papa Hoʻokaʻawale
Hoʻopuni kēia mau ʻāpana i nā alakaʻi uila, e hāʻawi ana i ka insulation uila. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou e hele wale nā ale o kēia manawa a i ʻole electromagnetic/optical i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke alakaʻi uila a ʻaʻole i waho. Mālama nā papa insulation i ka hiki (ʻo ia hoʻi, voltage) ma ke alakaʻi uila mai ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea a puni a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana hoʻoili maʻamau o ke alakaʻi uila a me ka palekana o waho no nā mea a me nā kānaka.
ʻO nā alakaʻi a me nā papa insulation nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua e pono ai no nā huahana uwea (koe wale nō nā uea ʻōlohelohe).
3. Nā Papa Pale
I nā kūlana kaiapuni like ʻole i ka wā o ke kau ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, pono nā huahana uea a me nā kaula i nā ʻāpana e hāʻawi i ka palekana, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka papa insulation. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana he mau papa pale.
No ka mea, pono i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale ke loaʻa nā waiwai hoʻokaʻawale uila maikaʻi loa, pono lākou i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka liʻiliʻi o ka haumia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea ke hāʻawi i ka pale mai nā kumu o waho i ka manawa like (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ikaika mechanical i ka wā o ke kau ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā kūlana lewa, nā kemika, nā aila, nā hoʻoweliweli olaola, a me nā pōʻino ahi). Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia mau koi e nā ʻano papa pale like ʻole.
No nā kaula i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā wahi waho maikaʻi (e like me nā wahi maʻemaʻe, maloʻo, i loko me ka ʻole o nā ikaika mechanical o waho), a i ʻole i nā hihia kahi e hōʻike ai ka mea papa insulation ponoʻī i kekahi ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa i ke aniau, ʻaʻohe koi no kahi papa pale ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana.
4. Pale ʻana
He ʻāpana ia i loko o nā huahana uwea e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kahua electromagnetic i loko o ke uwea mai nā kahua electromagnetic o waho. ʻOiai ma waena o nā hui uea like ʻole a i ʻole nā hui i loko o nā huahana uwea, pono ka hoʻokaʻawale like ʻana. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka papa pale ma ke ʻano he "pale hoʻokaʻawale electromagnetic."
No nā makahiki he nui, ua manaʻo ka ʻoihana i ka papa pale ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana papa pale. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻāpana kaʻawale. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka hana o ka papa pale ʻaʻole wale nō ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻike i hoʻouna ʻia i loko o ka huahana uwea, e pale ana iā ia mai ka leaka ʻana a i ʻole ke kumu o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā mea hana waho a i ʻole nā laina ʻē aʻe, akā e pale aku hoʻi i nā nalu electromagnetic waho mai ke komo ʻana i ka huahana uwea ma o ka hoʻopili electromagnetic. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau koi mai nā hana papa pale kuʻuna. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho wale ʻia ka papa pale ma waho i loko o ka huahana akā ua kau ʻia hoʻi ma waena o kēlā me kēia hui uea a i ʻole nā hui he nui i loko o ke uwea. I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoili ʻike e hoʻohana ana i nā uea a me nā uwea, me ka nui o nā kumu hoʻopilikia nalu electromagnetic i ka lewa, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano pale. Ua ʻae nui ʻia ka ʻike ʻana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka papa pale o nā huahana uwea.
5. Hoʻopiha ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana
He nui nā huahana uea a me nā kaula he multi-core, e like me ka hapa nui o nā kaula mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he mau kaula ʻehā-core a ʻelima-core paha (kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana ʻekolu-pae), a me nā kaula kelepona kūlanakauhale mai 800 mau pālua a i 3600 mau pālua. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau cores insulated a i ʻole nā hui uea i loko o kahi kaula (a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i nā manawa he nui), aia nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hakahaka nui ma waena o nā cores insulated a i ʻole nā hui uea. No laila, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻano hoʻopihapiha i ka wā o ka ʻākoakoa ʻana o ke kaula. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kahi anawaena waho like i ka wili ʻana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka wahī a me ka extrusion sheath. Eia kekahi, hōʻoia ia i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaula a me ka pono o ke ʻano o loko, e hāʻawi like ana i nā ikaika i ka wā e hoʻohana ai (ke kīkoʻo ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ke kūlou ʻana i ka wā e hana ai a me ke kau ʻana) e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana i ke ʻano o loko o ke kaula.
No laila, ʻoiai he mea kōkua ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana, he mea pono ia. Aia nā lula kikoʻī e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i nā mea a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kēia hale.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hilinaʻi nā huahana uea a me nā kaula kuʻuna i ka papa pale o ka papa pale e kū i nā ikaika tensile o waho a i ʻole ke kaumaha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau e komo pū me ka pale kila lipine a me ka pale kila uea (e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uea kila 8mm mānoanoa, i wili ʻia i loko o kahi papa pale, no nā kaula submarine). Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā kaula fiber optical, no ka pale ʻana i ka fiber mai nā ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi, e pale ana i kekahi deformation liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana hoʻoili, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā uhi mua a me nā lua a me nā ʻāpana tensile kūikawā i loko o ke ʻano kaula. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā kaula headset kelepona paʻalima, ua hoʻopuka ʻia kahi uea keleawe maikaʻi a i ʻole ka lipine keleawe lahilahi i wahī ʻia a puni ka fiber synthetic me kahi papa insulating, kahi e hana ai ka fiber synthetic ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana tensile. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi kūikawā e pono ai nā kūlou a me nā wili he nui, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea tensile.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-19-2023