ʻO ka pale i hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona ʻelua mau manaʻo ʻokoʻa loa: pale electromagnetic a me ka pale kahua uila. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pale electromagnetic no ka pale ʻana i nā uwea e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā kaula RF a me nā kelepona uila) mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i waho a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic waho mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā uwea e hoʻouna i nā au nāwaliwali (e like me ka hōʻailona a i ʻole ke ana ʻana i nā kaula), a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka crosstalk ma waena o nā uea. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pale kahua uila e kaulike i ke kahua uila ikaika ma ka ʻili conductor a i ʻole ka ʻili insulation o nā uwea mana waena a kiʻekiʻe.
1. Hoʻolālā a me nā koi o nā ʻāpana pale pale uila
ʻO ka pale o nā kaula mana e pili ana i ka pale conductor, ka pale insulation, a me ka pale metala. Wahi a nā kūlana kūpono, pono e loaʻa i nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.6/1kV i kahi papa pale metala, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia kumu insulated a i ʻole i ke kumu wili stranded multi-core. No nā kaula XLPE-insulated me ka voltage helu ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 3.6/6kV a me EPR thin-insulated uwea me ka volta helu ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 3.6/6kV (a i ʻole nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka volta helu ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 6/10kV), pono pū nā hale pale semi-conductive i loko a me waho.
(1) Palekana Conductor a me ka pale ʻana
ʻO ka pale ʻana o ke alakaʻi (pale semi-conductive i loko) pono ʻole metala, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea semi-conductive extruded a i ʻole kahi lipine semi-conductive i ʻōwili ʻia a puni ka conductor a ukali ʻia e kahi papa semi-conductive extruded.
ʻO ka pale insulation (outer semi-conductive shielding) he papa semi-conductive non-metallic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o waho o kēlā me kēia kumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka peelable mai ka insulation. Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana semiconductive i loko a me waho i ka insulation, me nā pilina maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe kaha kikoʻī ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻohe ʻaoʻao ʻoi aku, nā ʻāpana, nā māka wela, a me nā ʻōpala. ʻAʻole pono ka resistivity ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻelemakule ma mua o 1000 Ω·m no ka papa hoʻokele conductor a me 500 Ω·m no ka pale pale insulation.
Hana ʻia nā mea pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho ma o ka hui ʻana i nā mea hoʻokalakupua e pili ana (e like me ka polyethylene cross-linked, ethylene-propylene rubber, etc.) me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. Pono e hoʻopuehu like ʻia nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele i loko o ka polymer, me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana pale semi-conductive i loko a me waho me ka pae uila. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ma ka papa insulation i loko a i lalo i waho, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive i loko ma mua o waho. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pale semi-conductive waho ma mua o ka loko i mea e pale ai i nā ʻōpala ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻokele sag a i ʻole nā puncture i hana ʻia e nā lipine keleawe paʻa loa. I kēia manawa, me ka nānā ʻana i ka sag ʻakomi pūnaewele a me nā lipine keleawe palupalu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, pono e hana ʻia ka ʻāpana pale semi-conductive i loko o ka mānoanoa a i ʻole like me ka papa o waho. No nā kaula 6–10–35 kV, he 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm ka mānoanoa o loko.
(2) Palekana Metallic
Pono e loaʻa i nā uwea me ka volta helu ʻoi aʻe ma mua o 0.6/1kV kahi papa pale metala. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāpana pale metala i kēlā me kēia kumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ke kumu uwea. Pono ka pale metala i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā lipine metala, nā pale metala, nā papa concentric o nā uwea metala, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā uwea metala a me nā lipine metala.
I loko o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻāpana ʻelua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻoi aku o nā au pōkole pōkole, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pale uea keleawe. Hoʻokomo kekahi mau mea hana i nā uwea keleawe i loko o ka puʻu hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka puʻu waho e hōʻemi i ke anawaena uwea. Ma Kina, koe wale no kekahi mau papahana ko'iko'i e ho'ohana ana i na 'ōnaehana kaapuni palua i ho'opa'a 'ia, 'o ka hapa nui o nā 'ōnaehana e ho'ohana ana i ka mana arc-suppression coil-grounded single-circuit power supply, ka mea e kaupalena 'ia ai ka manawa pōkole i ka li'ili'i loa, no laila hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia ka pale keleawe. Ua kūʻai aku nā hale hana uwea i nā lipine keleawe paʻa ma o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana e hoʻokō i kahi elongation a me ka ikaika tensile (ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e ʻoki i ka papa pale insulation, ʻo ka palupalu loa e wrinkle) ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā lipine keleawe palupalu me GB/T11091-2005 Copper Tape no nā Uila.
Pono ka pale lipine keleawe i hoʻokahi papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i uhi ʻia a i ʻole ʻelua papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i ʻōwili ʻia me nā hakahaka. ʻO ka awelika overlap rate o ka lipine keleawe he 15% o kona laula (nominal value), a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole e emi ma lalo o 5%. ʻO ka mānoanoa inoa o ka lipine keleawe ma ka liʻiliʻi he 0.12 mm no nā kaula kumu hoʻokahi a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 0.10 mm no nā uwea multi-core. ʻAʻole pono ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka lipine keleawe ma lalo o 90% o ka waiwai nominal. Ma muli o ke anawaena o waho o ka pale insulation (≤25 mm a i ʻole > 25 mm), ʻo ka laulā keleawe he 30-35 mm maʻamau.
Hana ʻia ka pale uea keleawe me nā uea keleawe palupalu i hōʻeha ʻia, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kāwili counter-helical o nā uea keleawe a i ʻole nā lipine keleawe. Pono kona kū'ē i nā koi o GB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, a e hoʻoholo ʻia kona wahi cross-sectional nominal e like me ka mana o kēia manawa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pale uea keleawe ma luna o ka puʻu o loko o nā kaula ʻekolu-core a i ʻole ma luna pono o ka insulation, waho semi-conductive shielding layer, a i ʻole kahi uhi kūloko kūpono o nā kaula hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka mamao ma waena o nā uea keleawe e pili ana ma mua o 4 mm. Ua helu ʻia ka awelika āpau G me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano:
ma hea:
D – ke anawaena o ke kumu uwea ma lalo o ka pale uwea keleawe, i mm;
d – ke anawaena o ka uwea keleawe, i mm;
n – ka helu o nā uwea keleawe.
2. ʻO ke kuleana o ka pale pale a me ko lākou pili ʻana i nā pae Voltage
(1) Ke kuleana o ka pale Semi-Conductive o loko a me waho
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻokele uwea mai nā uea stranded he nui. I ka wā o ka extrusion insulation, hiki ke loaʻa nā āpau, burrs, a me nā hewa ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka conductor surface a me ka insulation layer, ka mea e hoʻoneʻe ai i ke kahua uila, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ea kūloko a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lāʻau, a hoʻemi i ka hana dielectric. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa o nā mea semi-conductive (ka pale pale) ma luna o ka ʻili o ka conductor, e hōʻoia i ka pilina paʻa me ka insulation. No ka mea, ua like ka papa semi-conductive a me ka conductor, ʻoiai inā he mau āpau ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻohe hana o ke kahua uila, no laila e pale ai i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
Pēlā nō, aia nā āwāwa ma waena o ka ʻili o waho a me ka puʻu metala (a i ʻole ka pale metala), a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae uila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ea. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa semi-conductive (pale insulation) ma ka ʻaoʻao insulation o waho, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻāpana equipotential o waho me ka sheath metallic, e hoʻopau ana i nā māla uila i nā āpau a pale i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
(2) Ke kuleana o ka pale kila
ʻO nā hana o ka pale metala ʻo ia ka: lawe ʻana i ke au capacitive ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ala no ke au pōkole pōkole i ka wā o nā hewa; ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kahua uila i loko o ka insulation (e hōʻemi ana i ka interference electromagnetic waho) a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi kahua uila radial like ʻole; e hana ana ma ke ʻano he laina kūʻokoʻa i loko o nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā ʻehā e lawe i ke au kaulike ʻole; a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale pale wai-radial.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-28-2025