ʻElua mau manaʻo like ʻole o ka pale ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana uea a me ke kaula: ka pale electromagnetic a me ka pale ʻana i ke kahua uila. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka pale electromagnetic e pale i nā kaula e hoʻouna ana i nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā kaula RF a me nā kaula uila) mai ke kumu ʻana i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o waho a i ʻole e ālai i nā nalu electromagnetic o waho mai ke hoʻopilikia ʻana me nā kaula e hoʻouna ana i nā au nāwaliwali (e like me nā kaula hōʻailona a i ʻole ke ana ʻana), a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke crosstalk ma waena o nā uea. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka pale ʻana i ke kahua uila e kaulike i ke kahua uila ikaika ma ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻili insulation o nā kaula mana voltage waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
1. ʻAno a me nā Koina o nā Papa Pale Kahua Uila
ʻO ka pale ʻana o nā kaula mana e komo pū ana me ka pale alakaʻi, ka pale insulation, a me ka pale metala. Wahi a nā kūlana pili, pono i nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6/1kV kahi papa pale metala, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻiwi insulated a i ʻole i ke kumu kaula multi-core stranded. No nā kaula XLPE-insulated me ka volta helu ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 3.6/6kV a me nā kaula EPR lahilahi-insulated me ka volta helu ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 3.6/6kV (a i ʻole nā kaula mānoanoa-insulated me ka volta helu ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 6/10kV), pono pū nā ʻano pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho.
(1) Pale ʻana i ke Alakaʻi a me ka Pale ʻana i ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
Pono ka pale alakaʻi (pale semi-conductive o loko) ʻaʻole ia he metala, i hana ʻia me ka mea semi-conductive i hoʻopuka ʻia a i ʻole kahi lipine semi-conductive i kāʻei ʻia a puni ke alakaʻi a ukali ʻia e kahi papa semi-conductive i hoʻopuka ʻia.
ʻO ka pale insulation (pale semi-conductive waho) he papa semi-conductive ʻaʻole metala i hoʻopuka pololei ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o waho o kēlā me kēia ʻiʻo insulated, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia a i ʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia mai ka insulation. Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā papa semi-conductive o loko a me waho i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka insulation, me nā ʻaoʻao laumania, ʻaʻohe māka kaula maopopo, a ʻaʻohe lihi ʻoi, nā ʻāpana, nā māka wela, a i ʻole nā kalai. ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka resistivity ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻelemakule ma mua o 1000 Ω·m no ka papa pale alakaʻi a me 500 Ω·m no ka papa pale insulation.
Hana ʻia nā mea pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā mea insulation like (e like me ka polyethylene cross-linked, ethylene-propylene rubber, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, nā antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. Pono e hoʻopuehu like ʻia nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele i loko o ka polymer, me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho me ka pae voltage. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ma ka papa insulation i loko a haʻahaʻa i waho, pono e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive i loko ma mua o waho. I ka wā ma mua, ua hana ʻia ka pale semi-conductive o waho i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o ka mea o loko e pale aku i nā ʻōpala ma muli o ka kaohi sag maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā punctures i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lipine keleawe paʻakikī loa. I kēia manawa, me ka nānā ʻana i ka sag aunoa ma ka pūnaewele a me nā lipine keleawe palupalu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, pono e hana ʻia ka papa pale semi-conductive o loko i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a i ʻole like me ka papa o waho. No nā kaula 6–10–35 kV, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka papa o loko ma ke ʻano maʻamau he 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm.
(2) Pale Metala
Pono nā uwea me ka volta i helu ʻia ma mua o 0.6/1kV e loaʻa kahi papa pale metala. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka papa pale metala i kēlā me kēia ʻiwi insulated a i ʻole ke ʻiwi uwea. Pono ka pale metala e hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau lipine metala, nā ulana metala, nā papa concentric o nā uea metala, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā uea metala a me nā lipine metala.
Ma ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kaapuni pālua i hoʻokumu ʻia me ke kūʻē ʻana me nā au pōkole kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pale uea keleawe. Hoʻokomo kekahi mau mea hana i nā uea keleawe i loko o ka ʻūpā hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka ʻūpā waho e hōʻemi i ke anawaena o ke kaula. Ma Kina, koe wale nō kekahi mau papahana koʻikoʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻōnaehana kaapuni pālua i hoʻokumu ʻia me ke kūʻē ʻana, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana i nā lako mana hoʻokahi kaapuni i hoʻokumu ʻia me ke arc-suppression coil, kahi e kaupalena ai i ke au pōkole i ka liʻiliʻi loa, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pale lipine keleawe. Hana nā hale hana kaula i nā lipine keleawe paʻakikī i kūʻai ʻia ma o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka annealing e hoʻokō ai i kahi elongation a me ka ikaika tensile (ʻo ka paʻakikī loa e kahakaha i ka papa pale insulation, ʻo ka palupalu loa e wrinkle) ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā lipine keleawe palupalu e kūlike me GB/T11091-2005 Copper Lipe no nā kaula.
Pono ka pale ʻana o ke kaula keleawe e hoʻokomo i hoʻokahi papa o ke kaula keleawe palupalu i uhi ʻia a i ʻole ʻelua papa o ke kaula keleawe palupalu i wahī ʻia me nā hakahaka. ʻO ka awelika o ka nui o ka uhi ʻana o ke kaula keleawe he 15% o kona laulā (waiwai inoa), a ʻaʻole pono e emi ka nui o ka uhi ʻana ma mua o 5%. ʻO ka mānoanoa inoa o ke kaula keleawe ma ka liʻiliʻi he 0.12 mm no nā kaula hoʻokahi-kumu a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 0.10 mm no nā kaula multi-kumu. ʻAʻole pono e emi ka mānoanoa o ke kaula keleawe ma mua o 90% o ka waiwai inoa. Ma muli o ke anawaena o waho o ka pale insulation (≤25 mm a i ʻole >25 mm), ʻo ka laulā o ke kaula keleawe he 30-35 mm maʻamau.
Hana ʻia ka pale uea keleawe me nā uea keleawe palupalu i ʻōwili ʻia me ka helical, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi ʻōwili helical counter-helical o nā uea keleawe a i ʻole nā lipine keleawe. Pono kona kūpaʻa e hoʻokō i nā koi o GB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia kona wahi ʻāpana kea ma muli o ka mana o ke au hewa. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka pale uea keleawe ma luna o ka ʻūpā o loko o nā uea ʻekolu-core a i ʻole ma luna pono o ka insulation, ka papa pale semi-conductive waho, a i ʻole kahi ʻūpā kūpono o loko o nā uea hoʻokahi-core. ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka awelika o ka hakahaka ma waena o nā uea keleawe e pili ana ma mua o 4 mm. Ua helu ʻia ka awelika o ka hakahaka G me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano:
kahi:
D - ke anawaena o ke kumu o ke kaula ma lalo o ka pale ʻana o ke kaula keleawe, ma mm;
d - ke anawaena o ke uea keleawe, ma mm;
n - ka helu o nā uea keleawe.
2. Ke Kuleana o nā Papa Pale a me ko lākou Pilina me nā Pae Voltage
(1) Ke kuleana o ka pale ʻana o loko a me waho i ka semi-conductive
Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā alakaʻi uwea mai nā uea he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulation, hiki ke loaʻa nā hakahaka, nā burrs, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili ma waena o ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi a me ka papa insulation, e hana ana i ka nui o ke kahua uila, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hakahaka ea kūloko a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā lāʻau, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana dielectric. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa o ka mea semi-conductive (pale alakaʻi) ma luna o ka ʻili o ke alakaʻi, hōʻoia ia i ka pili pono me ka insulation. No ka mea, aia ka papa semi-conductive a me ke alakaʻi i ka hiki like, ʻoiai inā he mau hakahaka ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻohe hana kahua uila, no laila e pale ai i nā hoʻokuʻu hapa.
Pēlā nō, aia nā hakahaka ma waena o ka ʻili insulation waho a me ka ʻūpā metala (a i ʻole ka pale metala), a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae voltage, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hakahaka ea. Ma ka extruding i kahi papa semi-conductive (pale insulation) ma ka ʻili insulation waho, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻili equipotential waho me ka ʻūpā metala, e hoʻopau ana i nā kahua uila i loko o nā hakahaka a pale i nā hoʻokuʻu hapa.
(2) Ke kuleana o ka pale hao
ʻO nā hana o ka pale hao e komo pū ana me: ka lawe ʻana i ke au capacitive ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ala no ke au pōkole i ka wā o nā hewa; ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kahua uila i loko o ka insulation (e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic waho) a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi kahua uila radial like; e hana ana ma ke ʻano he laina kūlike i nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā-wire ʻekolu-pae e lawe i ke au kaulike ʻole; a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale pale wai radial.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-28-2025