I loko o nā huahana uea a me ke kaula, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻano pale i ʻelua mau manaʻo like ʻole: ka pale electromagnetic a me ka pale ʻana i ke kahua uila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pale electromagnetic e pale i nā kaula hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā kaula RF a me nā kaula uila) mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ke kaiapuni waho a i ʻole e ālai i nā nalu electromagnetic waho mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana me nā kaula e hoʻouna ana i nā au nāwaliwali (e like me nā kaula hōʻailona a me ke ana), a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻopilikia like ʻana ma waena o nā kaula. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ke kahua uila, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kaulike i nā kahua uila ikaika ma ka ʻili alakaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻili insulation o nā kaula mana waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
1. ʻAno a me nā Koina o nā Papa Pale Kahua Uila
Ua māhele ʻia ka pale ʻana o nā kaula mana i ka pale ʻana o ke alakaʻi, ka pale ʻana o ka insulation, a me ka pale metala. Wahi a nā kūlana pili, pono i nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6/1 kV kahi papa pale metala, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻōpū insulated pākahi a i ʻole ke kumu kaula holoʻokoʻa. No nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻia o ka liʻiliʻi he 3.6/6 kV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulation XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), a i ʻole nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻia o ka liʻiliʻi he 3.6/6 kV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulation EPR lahilahi (ethylene propylene rubber) (a i ʻole ka insulation mānoanoa me ka volta helu ʻia o ka liʻiliʻi he 6/10 kV), pono pū kekahi ʻano pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho.
(1) Pale ʻana i ke Alakaʻi a me ka Pale ʻana i ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
Pale Alakaʻi (Pale Semi-Alakaʻi o loko): Pono kēia he mea hao ʻole, i hana ʻia me ka mea semi-alakaʻi i hoʻopuka ʻia a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o ka lipine semi-alakaʻi i kāʻei ʻia a puni ke alakaʻi a ukali ʻia e ka mea semi-alakaʻi i hoʻopuka ʻia.
Palekana Hoʻokaʻawale (Palekana Semi-Alakaʻi Waho): Hoʻopuka pololei ʻia kēia ma luna o ka ʻili waho o kēlā me kēia ʻiwi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia a hiki ke wehe ʻia mai ka papa hoʻokaʻawale.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā papa semi-conductive o loko a me waho i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka insulation, me kahi ʻaoʻao laumania me ka ʻole o nā māka kaula alakaʻi i ʻike ʻia, nā lihi ʻoi, nā ʻāpana, ka wela, a i ʻole nā kalai. ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka resistivity ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻelemakule ma mua o 1000 Ω·m no ka papa pale alakaʻi a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 Ω·m no ka papa pale insulation.
Hana ʻia nā mea pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā mea insulating like (e like me ka polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE) a me ka ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)) me nā mea hoʻohui e like me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, nā mea anti-aging, a me ka ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Pono e hoʻolaha like ʻia nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele i loko o ka polymer, me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho me ka helu voltage. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ma ka papa insulation ma loko a haʻahaʻa ma waho, pono e mānoanoa ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive ma loko a lahilahi ma waho. No nā kaula i helu ʻia ma 6~10~35 kV, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka papa o loko ma waena o 0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Pale Metala
Pono nā uwea me ka volta i helu ʻia ma mua o 0.6/1 kV e loaʻa kahi papa pale metala. Pono ka papa pale metala e uhi i waho o kēlā me kēia ʻiwi insulated a i ʻole ke ʻiwi uwea. Hiki i ka pale metala ke hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau lipine metala, nā ulana metala, nā papa concentric o nā uea metala, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā uea metala a me nā lipine.
Ma ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā ʻōnaehana kaapuni pālua i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kūʻē ʻana a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā au pōkole, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pale uea keleawe. Ma Kina, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻōnaehana lako mana hoʻokahi kaapuni i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka arc suppression coil, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pale lipine keleawe. Hana nā mea hana uwea i nā lipine keleawe paʻakikī i kūʻai ʻia ma ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka annealing e palupalu iā lākou ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā lipine keleawe palupalu e kūlike me ke kūlana GB/T11091-2005 "Copper Tapes for Cables".
Pono ka pale ʻana o ka lipine keleawe e hoʻokomo i hoʻokahi papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i uhi ʻia a i ʻole ʻelua papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i wahī ʻia. ʻO ka awelika o ka overlap he 15% o ka laulā o ka lipine, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka overlap ʻaʻole i emi ma mua o 5%. ʻAʻole pono ka mānoanoa maʻamau o ka lipine keleawe ma lalo o 0.12 mm no nā kaula hoʻokahi-core a ʻaʻole i emi ma mua o 0.10 mm no nā kaula multi-core. ʻAʻole pono ka mānoanoa maʻamau ma lalo o 90% o ka waiwai maʻamau.
ʻO ka pale ʻana o ke uea keleawe he mau uea keleawe palupalu i ʻōwili ʻole ʻia, me ka ʻili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā uea keleawe a i ʻole nā lipine i wahī ʻia ma hope. Pono kona kūpaʻa e kūlike me ke kūlana GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻāpana ʻāpana ma muli o ka mana o ke au hewa.
2. Nā Hana o nā Papa Pale a me ko lākou Pilina me nā Loiloi Voltage
(1) Nā Hana o ka Palekana Semi-Conductive o loko a me waho
ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia nā alakaʻi uwea me nā uea he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a paʻa. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka insulation, hiki i nā hakahaka kūloko, nā burrs, a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē o ka ʻili ma waena o ka ʻili alakaʻi a me ka papa insulation ke hana i ka nui o ke kahua uila, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā lāʻau, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka hana uila. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa o ka mea semi-conductive (pale alakaʻi) ma waena o ka ʻili alakaʻi a me ka papa insulation, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa pono me ka insulation. ʻOiai ʻo ka papa semi-conductive ma ka hiki like me ke alakaʻi, ʻaʻole e ʻike nā hakahaka ma waena o lākou i nā hopena kahua uila, no laila e pale ana i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
Pēlā nō, hiki i nā hakahaka ma waena o ka ʻili insulation waho a me ka ʻūpā metala (a i ʻole ka pale metala) ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā helu voltage kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi papa o ka mea semi-conductive (pale insulation) ma ka ʻili insulation waho, hana ia i kahi ʻili equipotential me ka ʻūpā metala, e hoʻopau ana i nā hopena kahua uila i loko o nā hakahaka a pale i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
(2) Nā Hana o ka Pale Metala
ʻO nā hana o ka pale hao e komo pū ana me: ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kahe capacitive ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ala no nā kahe pōkole (hewa), e hoʻopaʻa ana i ke kahua uila i loko o ka insulation (e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic i ke kaiapuni waho), a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā kahua uila like (nā kahua uila radial). I loko o nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā-wire ʻekolu-pae, hana pū ia ma ke ʻano he laina kūlike ʻole, e lawe ana i nā kahe kaulike ʻole, a hāʻawi i ka pale wai radial.
3. E pili ana iā OW Cable
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako alakaʻi o nā mea maka no ka uea a me ke kaula, hāʻawi ʻo OW Cable i ka polyethylene cross-linked kiʻekiʻe (XLPE), nā lipine keleawe, nā uea keleawe, a me nā mea pale ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaula mana, nā kaula kamaʻilio, a me nā kaula kūikawā. Kūlike kā mākou huahana me nā kūlana honua, a ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena pale uea hilinaʻi i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-24-2025