I nā huahana uea a me ke kaula, ua māhele ʻia nā hale pale i ʻelua manaʻo ʻokoʻa: pale electromagnetic a me ka pale kahua uila. Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka pale electromagnetic no ka pale ʻana i nā kaula hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā kaula RF a me nā kelepona uila) mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ke kaiapuni o waho a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic waho mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kaula e hoʻouna ana i nā au palupalu (e like me nā hōʻailona a me ke ana ʻana o nā kaula), a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā kaula. ʻO ka pale kahua uila, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kaulike i nā māla uila ikaika ma ka ʻaoʻao conductor a i ʻole ka ʻili insulation o nā uwea mana waena a kiʻekiʻe.
1. Hoʻolālā a me nā koi o nā ʻāpana pale pale uila
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pale o nā kaula mana i ka pale conductor, ka pale insulation, a me ka pale metala. E like me nā kūlana kūpono, pono e loaʻa i nā kaula me ka volta helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6/1 kV kahi papa pale metala, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā cores insulated pākahi a i ʻole ke kumu uea holoʻokoʻa. No nā uwea me ka volta helu o ka liʻiliʻi loa o 3.6/6 kV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, a i ʻole nā uwea me ka volta helu ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 3.6/6 kV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EPR lahilahi (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (a i ʻole ka insulation mānoanoa me ka volta helu o ka liʻiliʻi he 6/10 kV), pono pū kekahi hale pale semiconducting i loko a me waho.
(1) Palekana Conductor a me ka pale ʻana
Palena Conductor (Inner Semi-Conductive Shielding): Pono kēia me ka non-metallic, i loko o nā mea semi-conductive extruded a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o ka lipine semi-conductive i kāʻei ʻia a puni ka conductor a ukali ʻia e nā mea semi-conductive extruded.
Palekana Insulation (Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding): Hoʻopuka pololei ʻia kēia ma luna o ka ʻili o waho o kēlā me kēia kumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a paʻa paʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka peelable mai ka papa insulation.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā papa semiconductive i loko a me waho i ka insulation, me kahi pānaʻi maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona stranding conductor i ʻike ʻia, nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi aku, nā ʻāpana, ka ʻā, a i ʻole nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka resistivity ma mua a ma hope o kaʻelemakuleʻaʻole pono eʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 Ω·m no ka papa hana pale conductor aʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 500 Ω·m no ka pale pale pale.
Hana ʻia nā mea pale semi-conductive o loko a me waho ma ka hui ʻana i nā mea insulating e like me ka polyethylene (XLPE) a me ka ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)) me nā mea hoʻohui e like me carbon black, anti-aging agents, a me ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Pono e māhele like ʻia nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele i loko o ka polymer, me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana pale semi-conductive i loko a me waho me ka helu voltage. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ma ka papa insulation ma loko a ma lalo o waho, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale semi-conductive ma loko a ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma waho. No nā kaula i helu ʻia ma 6 ~ 10 ~ 35 kV, ʻo ka mānoanoa o loko ka mānoanoa maʻamau mai 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8 mm.
(2) Palekana Metala
Pono e loaʻa i nā uwea me ka volta helu i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6/1 kV kahi papa pale metala. Pono ka papa pale metala e uhi i waho o kēlā me kēia poʻo insulated a i ʻole ke kumu uwea. Hiki i ka pale metala ke komo i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā lipine metala, nā pale metala, nā ʻāpana concentric o nā uea metala, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā uwea metala a me nā lipine.
Ma ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua-kaapuni kūʻē kūʻē a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā au pōkole, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pale uea keleawe. Ma Kina, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako uila arc suppression coil-grounded single-circuit power supply, no laila hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pale keleawe keleawe. Ua kūʻai aku nā mea hana uea i nā lipine keleawe paʻa ma ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e hoʻomāmā iā lākou ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā lipine keleawe palupalu e hoʻokō me ke kūlana GB/T11091-2005 "Copper Tapes for Cables".
Pono ka pale lipine keleawe i hoʻokahi papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i uhi ʻia a i ʻole ʻelua papa o ka lipine keleawe palupalu i uhi ʻia. He 15% o ka laula o ka lipine awelika, me ka li'ili'i li'ili'i ma lalo o 5%. ʻAʻole i emi iho ka mānoanoa o ka lipine keleawe ma lalo o 0.12 mm no nā kaula kumu hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole i emi iho ma lalo o 0.10 mm no nā uwea multi-core. ʻAʻole pono ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 90% o ka waiwai nominal.
ʻO ka pale uea keleawe he mau uea keleawe palupalu i ʻeha ʻia, me ka ʻili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā uwea keleawe a i ʻole nā lipine. Pono kona kū'ē i ke kūlana "Conductors of Cables" GB/T3956-2008, a e hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻāpana cross-sectional ma muli o ka mana o kēia manawa.
2. Nā Hana o nā Papa Palekana a me ko lākou pilina me nā helu Voltage
(1) Nā hana o ka pale Semi-Conductive i loko a me waho
Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻokele uwea me nā uea stranded a paʻa. I ka wā o ka extrusion insulation, hiki i nā ʻāpana kūloko, burrs, a i ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻili ma waena o ka conductor surface a me ka insulation layer hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahua uila, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa a me ka hoʻokuʻu lāʻau, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hana uila. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa o semi-conductive mea (conductor shielding) ma waena o ka conductor surface a me ka insulation layer, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa me ka insulation. Ma muli o ka like o ka papa semi-conductive me ka conductor, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā āpau ma waena o lākou i nā hopena uila, no laila e pale ai i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
Pēlā nō, hiki i nā āwāwa ma waena o ka ʻili o waho a me ka pū metala (a i ʻole ka pale metala) hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu uila kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi papa o nā mea semi-conductive (pale insulation) ma ka ʻaoʻao insulation o waho, hana ia i kahi ʻāpana equipotential me ka sheath metala, e hoʻopau ana i nā hopena uila i loko o nā āpau a pale i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa.
(2) Nā hana o ka pale kila
ʻO nā hana o ka pale metala, ʻo ia hoʻi: ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā au capacitive ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ala no nā kahawai pōkole (fault), hoʻopaʻa i ke kahua uila i loko o ka insulation (e hōʻemi ana i ka interference electromagnetic i ke kaiapuni waho), a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā māla uila (radial electric fields). I loko o nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā ʻehā ʻekolu, hana pū ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he laina kūʻokoʻa, e lawe ana i nā au kaulike ʻole, a hāʻawi i ka wai radial.
3. E pili ana i ka OW Cable
Ma keʻano he mea hoʻolako nui i nā mea maka no ka uea a me ke kaula, hāʻawiʻo OW Cable i ka polyethylene cross-linked kiʻekiʻe (XLPE), nā kaula keleawe, nā kaula keleawe, a me nā mea pale'ē aʻe i hoʻohana nuiʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā kaula mana, nā kaula kamaʻilio, a me nā kaula kūikawā. Hoʻokō kā mākou huahana i nā kūlana honua, a ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana pale kaula hilinaʻi i kā mākou mea kūʻai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-24-2025