ʻO ka fiber Aramid, pōkole no ka fiber polyamide aromatic, ua helu ʻia ma waena o nā fibers hana kiʻekiʻe ʻehā i hana mua ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma Kina, me ka fiber carbon, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), a me ka fiber basalt. E like me ka nylon maʻamau, pili ka fiber aramid i ka ʻohana o nā fibers polyamide, me nā mea paʻa amide i ke kaulahao molekala nui. Aia ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: pili nā paʻa amide o nylon i nā pūʻulu aliphatic, ʻoiai ua hui pū ʻia nā aramid me nā apo benzene. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano molekula kūikawā i ka fiber aramid i ka ikaika axial kiʻekiʻe loa (> 20cN/dtex) a me ka modulus (> 500GPa), e lilo ia i mea makemake no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaula kiʻekiʻe.
Nā ʻano o ka Fiber Aramid
ʻO ka fiber AramidʻO ka hapa nui o nā fibers polyamide aromatic a me nā fibers polyamide aromatic heterocyclic, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), a me meta-aramid (PMTA). Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo ka meta-aramid a me ka para-aramid nā mea i hana ʻia. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona molecular structure, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau mea ʻelua aia ma ke kūlana o ka atom kalapona i loko o ke apo benzene kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka paʻa amide. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia ʻokoʻa i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka paʻa wela.
Para-Aramida
ʻO Para-aramid, a i ʻole poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), i ʻike ʻia ma Kina ʻo Aramid 1414, he polymer kiʻekiʻe linear me ka ʻoi aku o 85% o kāna mau paʻa amide i pili pono i nā apo ʻala. ʻO nā huahana para-aramid kūleʻa maikaʻi loa ʻo DuPont's Kevlar® a me Teijin's Twaron®, ka mea i hoʻomalu i ka mākeke honua. ʻO ia ka fiber mua loa i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona crystalline polymer spinning solution, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi au hou o nā fiber synthetic kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai mechanical, hiki i kona ikaika tensile ke hiki i ka 3.0-3.6 GPa, elastic modulus 70-170 GPa, a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana 2-4%. Hāʻawi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa iā ia i nā pōmaikaʻi hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka cable optical, pale ballistic, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
Meta-Aramida
ʻO Meta-aramid, a i ʻole poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), i ʻike ʻia ma Kina ʻo Aramid 1313, he mea alakaʻi i ka fiber organik kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona ʻano molekala he pūʻulu amide e hoʻopili ana i nā apo meta-phenylene, e hana ana i ke kaula laina zigzag i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā paʻa hydrogen intermolecular ikaika i loko o kahi pūnaewele 3D. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ka fiber me ka maikaʻi o ka lapalapa ahi, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ka pale ʻana i ka radiation. ʻO kahi huahana maʻamau ʻo DuPont's Nomex®, me ka Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) o 28-32, kahi aniani hoʻololi wela ma kahi o 275 ° C, a me ka mahana lawelawe mau ma luna o 200 ° C, e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā uwea pale ahi a me nā mea insulation kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Waiwai Kūlana o Aramid Fiber
Hāʻawi ka Aramid fiber i ka ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe, modulus kiʻekiʻe, pale wela, ka waikawa a me ke kūpaʻa alkali, ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, ka insulation, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, ke ola lōʻihi o ke ola, ke kūpaʻa kemika, ʻaʻohe kulu hoʻoheheʻe i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana, a me nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻole. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona noi kelepona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka para-aramid i ka meta-aramid i ke kūpaʻa wela, me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke ana wela lawelawe o -196 a 204°C a ʻaʻohe decomposition a heheʻe paha ma 500°C. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o Para-aramid e pili ana i ka ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe, modulus kiʻekiʻe, pale wela, pale kemika, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku kona ikaika ma mua o 25 g/dtex—5 a 6 mau manawa ko ke kila kiʻekiʻe, 3 manawa ko ka fiberglass, a ʻelua ʻelua o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka nylon wili ʻoihana. ʻO kona modulus he 2-3 mau manawa ma mua o ke kila a i ʻole fiberglass a he 10 mau manawa o ka nylon ikaika kiʻekiʻe. He ʻelua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e like me ka uea kila a ʻo ke kaumaha wale nō ma kahi o 1/5 e like me ka nui, i kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā uwea optical, nā kaula submarine, a me nā ʻano uwea kiʻekiʻe.
Na Pono Mechanical o Aramid Fiber
ʻO ka meta-aramid he polymer maʻalahi me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi ma mua o ka polyester maʻamau, ka pulupulu, a i ʻole ka nylon. He kiʻekiʻe ka lōʻihi o ka elongation, ʻoluʻolu lima lima, spinnability maikaʻi, a hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā pulu pōkole a i ʻole nā filament o nā denier like ʻole. Hiki ke wili ʻia i loko o nā lole a me nā nonwovens me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini textile maʻamau a hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā pono lole pale o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. I loko o ka ho'opololei uila, kū i waho nā waiwai pale ahi a me ka wela o ka meta-aramid. Me ka LOI i ʻoi aku ma mua o 28, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomau i ke ahi ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa. ʻO kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka lapalapa ʻana i loko o kona ʻano kemika, e hoʻopaʻa mau i ka lapalapa ahi-kū kūʻē i ka nalowale o ka hana ma muli o ka holoi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana lōʻihi. Loaʻa i ka Meta-aramid ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana ma 205 ° C a me ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika a hiki i nā mahana ma luna o 205 ° C. He kiʻekiʻe kona wela decomposition, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe a kulu paha i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomaka wale ana ka carbonize ma luna o 370°C. ʻO kēia mau waiwai he mea kūpono ia no ka insulation a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaula wela wela a i ʻole ke ahi.
Paʻa Kemika o ka Fiber Aramid
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ka Meta-aramid i ka hapa nui o nā kemika a me nā ʻakika inorganic concentrated, ʻoiai ua paʻa ia i ka sulfuric concentrated a me nā waikawa nitric. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi ma ka lumi wela.
Ka pale ʻana i ka lālani o ka Aramid Fiber
Hōʻike ʻo Meta-aramid i ka pale ʻana i ka radiation. No ka laʻana, ma lalo o ka ʻike lōʻihi ʻana i ke kukui ultraviolet 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² a me nā kukuna gamma rad 1.72×10⁸, ʻaʻole i loli kona ikaika. ʻO kēia ʻano pale radiation koʻikoʻi e kūpono i nā kaula i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kikowaena mana nuklea a me nā mokulele mokulele.
Ka lōʻihi o ka Aramid Fiber
Hōʻike pū ka Meta-aramid i ka abrasion maikaʻi loa a me ke kūʻē kemika. Ma hope o 100 holoi ʻana, mālama ʻia ka lole i hana ʻia mai ka meta-aramid i hana ʻia ma ka home ma mua o 85% o kona ikaika waimaka mua. Ma nā noi kelepona, ʻo kēia paʻa e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi o ka hana mechanical a me ka uila.
Nā noi o ka Aramid Fiber
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Aramid fiber i ka ʻoihana aerospace o Kina, automotive, electromechanical, kūkulu, a me nā ʻoihana haʻuki ma muli o kāna mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, ke kū ʻana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he kumu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā ʻoihana hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, he hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia ka aramid i nā ʻāpana o ke kelepona optical cables, nā kaula mana, nā kaula kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe, nā kaula submarine, a me nā kaula kūikawā.
Aerospace a me na kahua kaua
Hōʻike ka fiber Aramid i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻāpana hana o nā kaʻa aerospace, e like me nā pahu kaʻa rocket a me nā hale radome broadband. Hōʻike ʻia kāna mau mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hopena maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻikena hawewe electromagnetic, e hōʻemi nui ana i ke kaumaha o ka mokulele a hoʻonui i ka palekana. Ma ka ʻāpana pale, hoʻohana ʻia ka aramid i nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā, nā mahiole, a me nā pahu pale-pale, e lilo ia i kumu alakaʻi no ka hanauna hou o ka pale kaua māmā.
Nā kahua kūkulu a me ka lawe ʻana
I ka ʻoihana kūkulu, hoʻohana ʻia ka aramid fiber no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana kaula alahaka ma muli o kona māmā, maʻalahi, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hale hana ʻole. I ka lawe ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka aramid i nā lole kaula hao no nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele. Hāʻawi nā kaila Aramid-reinforced i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa puncture, ka pale wela, a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi, e hālāwai ana i nā koi hana o nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOihana Uila, Uila, a me Uea
He mau noi koʻikoʻi ko Aramid fiber i nā ʻāpana uila, uila, a me nā ʻoihana uila a me nā kaula, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi aʻe:
Nā lālā Tensile i nā kelepona Optical: Me ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulus, lawelawe ʻo aramid fiber i lālā tensile i nā kelepona optical kamaʻilio, e pale ana i nā fiber optical palupalu mai ka deformation ma lalo o ke kuʻekuʻe a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona.
Hoʻoikaika i nā kaula: I nā uwea kūikawā, nā kaula submarine, nā kaula mana, a me nā kaula pale wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka aramid ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i waena a i ʻole ka pale kaua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea hoʻoikaika metala, hāʻawi ʻo aramid i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika tensile cable a me ka paʻa mechanical.
Insulation a me Flame Retardancy: Loaʻa i nā hui Aramid kahi dielectric maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana insulation cable, nā ʻaʻahu pale ahi, a me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen. ʻO ka pepa Aramid, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana me ka insulating varnish, ua hui pū ʻia me ka mica maoli no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika a me nā mea hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke ahi-pale a me ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa: ʻO ke kūpaʻa ahi a me ka hoʻomanawanui wela o ka Aramid fiber he mea kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uwea moku moku, nā kaula kaʻa kaʻa, a me nā uwea pale ahi-nuclear-grade, kahi e paʻa ai nā kūlana palekana.
EMC a me Lightweighting: ʻO Aramid ka maikaʻi electromagnetic transparency a me ka haʻahaʻa dielectric mau mea kūpono ia no nā papa pale EMI, radar radomes, a me nā mea hoʻohui optoelectronic, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike electromagnetic a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka ʻōnaehana.
Nā noi ʻē aʻe
Ma muli o kona ʻano apo ʻala kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi ka aramid fiber i ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, e kūpono ana i nā kaula moana, nā wili ʻaila ʻaila, a me nā uwea optical transmission ma luna o nā wahi paʻakikī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā hāmeʻa haʻuki premium, nā mea pale, a me nā pad brake automotive, a ke hoʻonui nui ʻia nei e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ka asbestos i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me nā noi insulation, nā panela insulation thermal, a me nā ʻāpana sealing ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoia ana i ka hana a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2025