ʻO ke olonā aramid, he pōkole no ke olonā polyamide ʻala, ua helu ʻia ma waena o nā olonā hana kiʻekiʻe ʻehā i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma Kina, me ke olonā kalapona, ke olonā polyethylene kaumaha molekala ultra-kiʻekiʻe (UHMWPE), a me ke olonā basalt. E like me ka nylon maʻamau, no ka ʻohana o nā olonā polyamide ke olonā aramid, me nā pilina amide i loko o ke kaulahao molekala nui. Aia ka ʻokoʻa nui i ka pilina: pili nā pilina amide o ka nylon i nā hui aliphatic, ʻoiai ua hui pū ʻia nā aramid me nā apo benzene. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano molekala kūikawā i ka fiber aramid i ka ikaika axial kiʻekiʻe loa (>20cN/dtex) a me ka modulus (>500GPa), e lilo ia i mea makemake ʻia no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaula kiʻekiʻe.
Nā ʻano o ke olonā Aramid
ʻO ke olonā ʻAramidaʻo ia hoʻi nā olonā polyamide ʻala piha a me nā olonā polyamide ʻala heterocyclic, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), a me meta-aramid (PMTA). Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo meta-aramid a me para-aramid nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻonohonoho molekala, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau mea ʻelua aia i ke kūlana o ka ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ke apo benzene kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka pilina amide. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa hoʻonohonoho e alakaʻi i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa wela.
Para-Aramid
ʻO Para-aramid, a i ʻole poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma Kina ʻo Aramid 1414, he polymer kiʻekiʻe linear me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 85% o kāna mau pilina amide i pili pono i nā apo ʻala. ʻO nā huahana para-aramid kūleʻa loa ʻo DuPont's Kevlar® a me Teijin's Twaron®, ka mea e noho aliʻi ana ma ka mākeke honua. ʻO ia ka fiber mua i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena milo polymer crystalline wai, e hoʻolauna ana i kahi au hou o nā fibers synthetic hana kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai mechanical, hiki i kona ikaika tensile ke hiki i 3.0–3.6 GPa, elastic modulus 70–170 GPa, a me ka elongation ma ka haki 2–4%. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano kūikawā iā ia i nā pono i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kaula optical, ka pale ballistic, a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
Meta-Aramid
ʻO Meta-aramid, a i ʻole poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma Kina ʻo Aramid 1313, he fiber organik kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana. ʻO kona ʻano molekala he mau hui amide e hoʻopili ana i nā apo meta-phenylene, e hana ana i kahi kaulahao linear zigzag i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā pilina hydrogen intermolecular ikaika i loko o kahi pūnaewele 3D. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano i ka fiber me ka pale ahi maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka radiation. ʻO kahi huahana maʻamau ʻo DuPont's Nomex®, me ka Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) o 28-32, kahi mahana hoʻololi aniani ma kahi o 275°C, a me ka mahana lawelawe mau ma luna o 200°C, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ana i nā kaula pale ahi a me nā mea insulation wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Waiwai Koʻikoʻi o ka Fiber Aramid
Hāʻawi ka fiber Aramid i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, modulus kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela, ke kūpaʻa waikawa a me ka alkali, ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, ka insulation, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, ke ola lōʻihi, ke kūpaʻa kemika, ʻaʻohe kulu heheʻe i ka wā e puhi ai, a me nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻaʻohe ʻawahia. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona noi kaula, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka para-aramid ma mua o ka meta-aramid i ke kūpaʻa wela, me kahi pae mahana lawelawe mau o -196 a 204°C a ʻaʻohe palaho a heheʻe paha ma 500°C. ʻO nā waiwai kaulana loa o Para-aramid e komo pū me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, modulus kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela, ke kūpaʻa kemika, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku kona ikaika ma mua o 25 g/dtex—5 a 6 mau manawa o ke kila kiʻekiʻe, 3 mau manawa o ka fiberglass, a ʻelua manawa o ka olonā ʻoihana nylon ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona modulus he 2-3 mau manawa o ke kila a i ʻole fiberglass a me 10 mau manawa o ka nylon ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻElua kona paʻakikī ma mua o ke kaula kila a he 1/5 wale nō ke kaumaha, e kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he hoʻoikaika i nā kaula optical, nā kaula submarine, a me nā ʻano kaula kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe.
Nā Waiwai Mekanika o ka Fiber Aramid
He polymer palupalu ʻo Meta-aramid me ka ikaika haki ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka polyester maʻamau, pulupulu, a nylon paha. Loaʻa iā ia kahi wikiwiki elongation kiʻekiʻe, ka lima palupalu, ka spinnability maikaʻi, a hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā olonā pōkole a i ʻole nā filaments o nā denier like ʻole. Hiki ke milo ʻia i loko o nā lole a me nā mea ulana ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini lole maʻamau a hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā pono lole pale o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. I ka insulation uila, kū i waho nā waiwai pale ahi a me nā waiwai pale wela o meta-aramid. Me ka LOI ʻoi aku ma mua o 28, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomau i ke kuni ʻana ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa. ʻO kona kūpaʻa lapalapa he mea kūlohelohe ia i kona ʻano kemika, e hana mau ana ia i ka pale ahi - kū i ka nalowale o ka hana ma muli o ka holoi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā Meta-aramid ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana ma 205°C a me ka paʻa ikaika o ka ikaika ʻoiai ma nā mahana ma luna o 205°C. Kiʻekiʻe kona mahana decomposition, a ʻaʻole ia e heheʻe a kulu paha i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomaka wale ana e carbonize ma luna o 370°C. ʻO kēia mau waiwai e kūpono ai no ka insulation a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaula wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kaula pale ahi.
Ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka fiber Aramid
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ko Meta-aramid i ka hapa nui o nā kemika a me nā waikawa inorganic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai he maʻalahi ia i nā waikawa sulfuric a me nitric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi i ka mahana o ka lumi.
Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka radiation o ka Aramid Fiber
Hōʻike ʻo Meta-aramid i ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi i ka radiation. No ka laʻana, i ka wā e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ai i ka mālamalama ultraviolet 1.2 × 10⁻² W/cm² a me nā kukuna gamma rad 1.72 × 10⁸, ʻaʻole i loli kona ikaika. ʻO kēia kūpaʻa radiation koʻikoʻi e kūpono loa ia no nā kaula i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kikowaena mana nukelea a me nā mokulele.
Ka Paʻa o ke Fiber Aramid
Hōʻike pū ʻo Meta-aramid i ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion a me ke kemika. Ma hope o 100 holoi ʻana, mālama ka lole i hana ʻia mai ka meta-aramid i hana ʻia ma ka home ma mua o 85% o kona ikaika haehae mua. I nā noi kaula, hōʻoia kēia kūpaʻa i ka paʻa o ka hana mechanical a me ka uila no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Nā noi o ka Aramid Fiber
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka fiber aramid ma nā ʻoihana aerospace, automotive, electromechanical, kūkulu hale, a me nā haʻuki ma Kina ma muli o kona mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, hoʻokani ka aramid i kahi kuleana nui i nā kahua o nā kaula optical kamaʻilio, nā kaula mana, nā kaula kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, nā kaula submarine, a me nā kaula kūikawā.
Nā Kahua Koa a me nā Mokulele
He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ke olonā aramid, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻāpana kūkulu o nā kaʻa aerospace, e like me nā pahu motika rocket a me nā hale radome broadband. Hōʻike kāna mau mea i hui pū ʻia i ke kūpaʻa hopena maikaʻi loa a me ka transparency nalu electromagnetic, e hōʻemi nui ana i ke kaumaha o ka mokulele a hoʻonui i ka palekana. Ma ka ʻāpana pale, hoʻohana ʻia ka aramid i nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā, nā mahiole, a me nā pahu pale pahū, e lilo ia i mea alakaʻi no ka hanauna hou o ka pale koa māmā.
Nā Kahua Kūkulu a me ka Halihali
I loko o ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale, hoʻohana ʻia ka fiber aramid no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana kaula alahaka ma muli o kona māmā, ka maʻalahi, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. He mea kūpono loa ia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻole. I ka halihali ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia ka aramid i nā lole kaula huila no nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele. Hāʻawi nā huila i hoʻoikaika ʻia e Aramid i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka puncture, ke kūpaʻa i ka wela, a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi hana o nā kaʻa wikiwiki a me nā mokulele o kēia wā.
ʻOihana Uila, Mea Uila, a me ke Kaula
He mea koʻikoʻi loa nā noi o ka fiber aramid ma nā ʻoihana hana uila, uila, a me nā uea a me ke kaula, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi aʻe:
Nā Lālā Tensile i nā Uea Optical: Me ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulus, lawelawe ka fiber aramid ma ke ʻano he lālā tensile i nā kaula optical kamaʻilio, e pale ana i nā fiber optical palupalu mai ka deformation ma lalo o ka tension a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻoili hōʻailona paʻa.
Hoʻoikaika i nā Kaula: I nā kaula kūikawā, nā kaula moana, nā kaula mana, a me nā kaula kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka aramid ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika waena a i ʻole ka papa pale kaua. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoʻoikaika metala, hāʻawi ka aramid i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka ikaika tensile kaula a me ke kūpaʻa mechanical.
Ka Pale ʻana a me ka Pale ʻana i ke Ahi: Loaʻa i nā hui Aramid ka dielectric maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā papa insulation uwea, nā ʻaʻahu pale ahi, a me ka uhi uahi haʻahaʻa halogen-free. ʻO ka pepa Aramid, ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻia ʻana me ka varnish insulating, ua hui pū ʻia me ka mica kūlohelohe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika a me nā mea hoʻololi wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Kaula Pale Ahi a me nā Kaʻaahi: ʻO ke kūpaʻa lapalapa kūlohelohe o ka fiber Aramid a me ka hoʻomanawanui wela e kūpono ai no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula moku, nā kaula kaʻaahi, a me nā kaula pale ahi pae nukelea, kahi i paʻa ai nā kūlana palekana.
EMC a me ka Māmā: ʻO ka transparency electromagnetic maikaʻi loa o Aramid a me ka dielectric constant haʻahaʻa e kūpono ia no nā papa pale EMI, nā radar radomes, a me nā ʻāpana hoʻohui optoelectronic, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka electromagnetic compatibility a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka ʻōnaehana.
Nā noi ʻē aʻe
Ma muli o kona ʻano apo ʻala kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi ka fiber aramid i ke kūpaʻa kemika koʻikoʻi a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, e kūpono ai no nā kaula moana, nā kaula ʻeli ʻaila, a me nā kaula optical hoʻoili ma luna o nā wahi ʻino. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā lako haʻuki premium, nā lako pale, a me nā pads brake kaʻa, a ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka asbestos i nā noi sila a me ka insulation, nā panela insulation thermal, a me nā ʻāpana sila ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2025