Nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka Polyethylene Synthesis
(1) Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa (LDPE)
Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o ka oxygen a i ʻole peroxide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka ethylene maʻemaʻe, hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o 202.6 kPa, a wela a hiki i 200°C, e lilo ka ethylene polymerize i keʻokeʻo, waxy polyethylene. ʻO kēia ʻano hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā kūlana hana. ʻO ka polyethylene ka hopena he 0.915–0.930 g/cm³ a me ke kaumaha molekala mai 15,000 a 40,000. ʻO kona ʻano molekala he lālā nui a wehe ʻia, e like me kahi hoʻonohonoho "like-lāʻau", ʻo ia ka mea no kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila ka inoa polyethylene low-density.
(2) Polyethylene Māmā-Medium (MDPE)
ʻO ke kaʻina hana puʻe waena e pili ana i ka polymerizing ethylene ma lalo o 30-100 ea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts metal oxide. ʻO ka polyethylene ka hopena he 0.931–0.940 g/cm³. Hiki ke hana 'ia ka MDPE ma o ka hui 'ana i ka polyethylene ki'eki'e (HDPE) me LDPE a i 'ole ma o ka copolymerization o ka ethylene me nā comonomers e like me butene, vinyl acetate, a i 'ole acrylates.
(3) Polyethylene Kiekie (HDPE)
Ma lalo o nā kūlana wela a me ke kaomi maʻamau, ua polymerized ka ethylene me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalyst hoʻohui maikaʻi loa (nā pūhui organometallic i haku ʻia me ka alkylaluminum a me ka titanium tetrachloride). Ma muli o ka hana catalytic kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopau koke i ka hopena polymerization ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (0-10 atm) a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (60-75 ° C), no laila ka inoa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka polyethylene ka hopena he ʻano molekala laina ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (0.941–0.965 g/cm³). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me LDPE, hōʻike ʻo HDPE i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni.
Nā waiwai o ka Polyethylene
ʻO ka polyethylene he waiu keʻokeʻo, like me ka wax, semi-transparent plastic, e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea hoʻolalelale kūpono a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe no nā uea a me nā kaula. ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi nui:
(1) Nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa: ke kūpaʻa insulation kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika dielectric; haʻahaʻa permittivity (ε) a me dielectric poho tangent (tanδ) ma kahi ākea ākea, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hilinaʻi pinepine ʻana, e hoʻolilo iā ia i dielectric kūpono no nā kaula kamaʻilio.
(2) ʻO nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi: hiki ke maʻalahi akā paʻakikī, me ke kūpaʻa deformation maikaʻi.
(3) Ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka ʻelemakule wela, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika.
(4) Kūleʻa wai maikaʻi me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; ʻAʻole emi ke kūpaʻa insulation i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka wai.
(5) Ma ke ʻano he mea polar ʻole, hōʻike ʻo ia i ka permeability kinoea kiʻekiʻe, me ka LDPE i loaʻa ka permeability kinoea kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā plastics.
(6) ʻO ka umekaumaha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ma lalo o 1. ʻIke nui ʻia ka LDPE ma kahi o 0.92 g/cm³, ʻoiai ʻo HDPE, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o kona mānoanoa, aia ma kahi o 0.94 g/cm³ wale nō.
(7) Nā waiwai hoʻoponopono maikaʻi: maʻalahi e hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka ʻole o ka decomposition, e maʻalili koke i ke ʻano, a e ʻae i ka mana pololei ma luna o ka geometry huahana a me nā ana.
(8) He māmā nā kaula i hana ʻia me ka polyethylene, maʻalahi ke hoʻouka, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻopau. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hemahema o ka polyethylene: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; hiki ke puhi, e hoʻokuʻu i kahi ala paraffin i ke ahi; maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni i ke koʻikoʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kolo. Pono ka nānā kūikawā i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka polyethylene ma ke ʻano he insulation a i ʻole sheathing no nā kaula submarine a i ʻole nā kaula i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā hāʻule kū pololei.
Polyethylene Plastics no nā Uea a me nā Uea
(1) Plastic Plastic Polyethylene Ho'o
Hoʻokumu wale ʻia me ka polyethylene resin a me nā antioxidants.
(2) Plastic Polyethylene Kū'ē i ka Lewa
Hoʻokumu mua ʻia me ka polyethylene resin, antioxidants, a me ka ʻeleʻele kalapona. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka wā e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ka ʻike, a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele.
(3) Plastic Polyethylene Kū'ē Kū'ē Kaiapuni
Hoʻohana i ka polyethylene me ka helu kahe kahe ma lalo o 0.3 a me ka puunaue kaumaha molekala haiki. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka polyethylene ma o ka irradiation a i ʻole nā hana kemika.
(4) Kiekie-Voltage Insulation Polyethylene Plastic
Pono ka insulation cable high-voltage polyethylene plastic ultra-pure, hoʻohui ʻia me nā stabilizers voltage a me nā extruders kūikawā e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻole ʻana, hoʻopau i ka hoʻokuʻu resin, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa arc, ke kūpaʻa erosion uila, a me ka pale corona.
(5) Semiconductive Polyethylene Plastic
Hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kalapona ʻeleʻele conductive i ka polyethylene, maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele kalapona kiʻekiʻe.
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Ke hoʻohana nei kēia pūhui i ka polyethylene resin ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, e hoʻopili ana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi halogen-ʻole kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻopau uahi, nā mea hoʻomaha wela, nā mea antifungal, a me nā kala, i hana ʻia ma o ka hui ʻana, plasticization, a me ka pelletization.
Polyethylene Hoʻopili ʻia (XLPE)
Ma lalo o ka hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea hana crosslinking, hoʻololi ke ʻano molekele laina o ka polyethylene i ʻekolu-dimensional (network), e hoʻohuli ana i ka mea thermoplastic i kahi thermoset. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he insulation,XLPEhiki ke pale i nā mahana hana hoʻomau a hiki i 90 ° C a me nā mahana pōkole o 170-250 ° C. ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻopili kino a me ke kemika. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka iradiation he ʻano kino, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea maʻamau maʻamau ka mea hoʻopili kemika ʻo DCP (dicumyl peroxide).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-10-2025