Ma ka ʻenehana mana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoihana, ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano hewa o "ka uila uila kiʻekiʻe" a i ʻole "ka uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa" hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā mea hana, ka pau ʻana o ka mana, a me ka pau ʻana o ka hana, a i ʻole nā ulia palekana i nā hihia koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike wale ka poʻe he nui i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua a koho pinepine ʻia ma muli o ka ʻike a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka "mākaʻi kumukūʻai", e alakaʻi ana i nā kuhi hewa ʻole.
1. Ka Hoʻolālā Hana: High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage cables
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui, "ʻO nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe he mau kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa," akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, a ua hoʻopili pololei ʻia kēlā me kēia papa i ka pae uila. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaka me ka wehewehe ʻana o "high-voltage" a me "low-voltage":
Nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka volta ≤ 1 kV (maʻamau 0.6/1 kV), hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hale a me nā lako lako mana liʻiliʻi;
ʻO nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe: Hoʻohana ʻia ka voltage ≥ 1 kV (maʻamau 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoili mana, nā substations, a me nā lako ʻoihana nui.
(1) Luna Hoʻokele: ʻAʻole "Mānoa" akā "Maʻemaʻe Pono"
Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻokele uwea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me nā uea keleawe maikaʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (e laʻa, 19 mau kaula i nā uea BV), ka mea nui e hoʻokō i nā koi "hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa";
ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe (≥99.95%) a ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe (≥99.95%) a hoʻohana i kahi kaʻina "compact round stranding" (e hōʻemi ana i nā haʻahaʻa) e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kūpaʻa o ka conductor a hoʻemi i ka "hopena ʻili" ma lalo o ka volta kiʻekiʻe (nā manaʻo i kēia manawa ma ka ʻili o ka conductor, e hoʻomehana ai).
(2) Layer Insulation: ʻO ke kumu o nā Uila High-Voltage '"Multi-Layer Protection"
ʻO nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe uwea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he lahilahi (e laʻa, 0.6/1 kV ka mānoanoa hoʻoheheʻe uwea ~3.4 mm), ka hapa nui o PVC a i ʻole.XLPE, lawelawe nui e "hoʻokaʻawale i ke alakaʻi mai waho";
ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā papa insulation cable high-voltage (6 kV cable ~ 10 mm, 110 kV a hiki i 20 mm) a pono e hele i nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi e like me "ka mana alapine e kū i ka uila" a me "ka uila uila kū i ka uila." ʻO ka mea nui aʻe, hoʻohui nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe i nā lipine pale wai a me nā papa semi-conductive i loko o ka insulation:
ʻO ka lipine pale wai: Kāohi i ka komo ʻana o ka wai (hiki i ka wai ma lalo o ka uila kiʻekiʻe ke kumu i ka "lāʻau wai," e alakaʻi ana i ka haki ʻana o ka insulation);
ʻĀpana Semi-conductive: E hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ke kahua uila (pale i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahua kūloko, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia).
ʻIkepili: He 40% -50% ka papa insulation o ke kumu kūʻai kelepona kiʻekiʻe (15% -20% wale nō no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), ʻo ia ke kumu nui e ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā kelepona kiʻekiʻe.
(3) Palekana a me Metallic Sheath: ʻO ka "Armor Against Interference" no nā Uila High-Voltage
ʻAʻohe papa pale (koe naʻe nā uwea hōʻailona), me nā ʻaʻahu waho he PVC a polyethylene paha;
Pono e loa'a ka pale metala (e la'a.lipine keleawe, wili keleawe) a me nā puʻu metala (e laʻa, puʻu kepau, puʻu alumini wili):
Palena Metallic: Hoʻopaʻa i ke kahua kiʻekiʻe-voltage i loko o ka papa insulation, hoʻemi i ka hoʻopili electromagnetic (EMI), a hāʻawi i kahi ala no ka hewa o kēia manawa;
ʻO ka pahu metala: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika mechanical (tensile and crush resistance) a hana ma ke ʻano he "pale kahua," e hoʻemi hou ana i ka ikaika o ke kahua insulation.
(4) ʻO ka ʻaʻahu waho: ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe
ʻO nā ʻaʻahu uwea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale nui i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻino;
Pono e pale aku i ka aila, ke anu, ka ozone, a pela aku (e la'a, PVC + mea hoʻohui i ka wā). ʻO nā noi kūikawā (e laʻa, nā uwea submarine) e koi pū kekahi i ka pale uwea kila (kūʻē i ke kaomi wai a me ke koʻikoʻi tensile).
2. 3 Ki "Pitfalls" e pale aku i ke koho ana i na uwea
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano, pono ʻoe e pale i kēia mau "pahele huna" i ka wā koho; inā ʻaʻole, hiki ke piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai, a i ʻole nā hanana palekana.
(1) E ʻimi makapō ana i ka "Kūkuai Kiʻekiʻe"
Manaʻo kuhi hewa: Manaʻo kekahi "ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa," a i ʻole lākou e hoʻohana i nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e mālama i ke kālā.
Pilikia: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe; ʻO ke koho kiʻekiʻe-voltage pono ʻole e hoʻonui i ke kālā. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uwea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe-volt hiki ke wāwahi koke i ka insulation, e hoʻoulu ai i nā kaʻa pōkole, ke ahi, a i ʻole nā mea hana.
ʻO ke ala pololei: E koho ma muli o ka pae uila a me nā koi mana, e laʻa, hoʻohana ka uila o ka hale (220V/380V) i nā uwea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻohālikelike nā ʻenekini uila kiʻekiʻe (10 kV) i nā uwea uila kiʻekiʻe - ʻaʻole loa "hoʻohaʻahaʻa" a "hoʻomaikaʻi" makapō.
(2) Ke nānā ʻole nei i ka "Hinden Damage" mai ke Kaiapuni
Manaʻo kuhi hewa: E noʻonoʻo wale i ka uila, e haʻalele i ke kaiapuni, e laʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uwea maʻamau i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa, wela kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā mea ʻino.
Pilikia: Hiki i nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā wahi haʻahaʻa me nā pale a i ʻole nā pālule pohō ke ʻike i ka wā kahiko o ka insulation moisture; ʻO nā kaula uila haʻahaʻa ma nā wahi wela (e laʻa, nā lumi paila) hiki ke palupalu a hāʻule.
ʻO ke ala pololei: E wehewehe i nā kūlana hoʻonohonoho - nā kaula kila no ka hoʻokomo ʻana, nā kaula pale wai ʻole no lalo o ka wai, nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe (XLPE ≥90 ℃) no nā kaiapuni wela, nā ʻaʻahu kūpaʻa i ka corrosion i nā mea kanu kemika.
(3) Ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o "Ka hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa a me ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana"
Manaʻo kuhihewa: E nānā wale i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka volta, e haʻalele i ka mana o ke kaula (ka palena kiʻekiʻe i ʻae ʻia) a i ʻole ka over-compress/bend i ka wā e waiho ana.
ʻO ka pilikia: ʻAʻole lawa ka mana o kēia manawa ke kumu o ka wela a hoʻokē ʻai i ka ʻelemakule insulation; ʻO ka radius piʻi kūpono ʻole o nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, ka huki paʻakikī, ka piʻi nui ʻana) hiki ke hōʻino i ka pale a me ka insulation, e hana ana i nā pōʻino.
ʻO ke ala pololei: E koho i nā kikoʻī kelepona e pili ana i ka helu ʻana i kēia manawa (e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēia manawa, ka wela ambient); E hahai pono i nā koi radius i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana (ma ke ʻano he ≥15x conductor outer diameter), e pale i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka lā.
3. E hoʻomanaʻo i 3 "Nā Rula Gula" e pale i nā pōʻino koho
(1) E nānā i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Voltage:
ʻO ka insulation cable high-voltage a me nā papa pale ke kumu; ʻAʻole pono nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻolālā.
(2) Hoʻohālikelike i nā māka kūpono:
Pono ka volta, ka mana, a me ke kaiapuni; mai hoʻomaikaʻi makapō a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha.
(3) E hōʻoia i nā kikoʻī kūʻē i nā kūlana:
Pono e hahai i nā kūlana o ke aupuni - mai hilinaʻi wale i ka ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-29-2025