Ma ke ʻano o nā mahana hana lōʻihi i ʻae ʻia no nā ʻōpū kaula, ʻo ka insulation rubber ka mea maʻamau i helu ʻia ma 65°C, ka insulation polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ma 70°C, a me ka insulation polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE) ma 90°C. No nā kaapuni pōkole (me ka lōʻihi loa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 kekona), ʻo ka mahana conductor kiʻekiʻe loa i ʻae ʻia he 160°C no ka insulation PVC a me 250°C no ka insulation XLPE.
I. Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kaula XLPE a me nā kaula PVC
1. ʻO nā kaula Low Voltage Cross-Linked (XLPE), mai ko lākou hoʻolauna ʻana i waena o nā makahiki 1990, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana, i kēia manawa e helu ana i ka hapalua o ka mākeke me nā kaula Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaula PVC, hōʻike nā kaula XLPE i ka mana lawe au kiʻekiʻe, nā hiki ke hoʻouka nui ʻia, a me nā ola lōʻihi (ʻo ke ola wela o ke kaula PVC he 20 mau makahiki ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ke ola o ke kaula XLPE he 40 mau makahiki). I ka wā e puhi ai, hoʻokuʻu ʻo PVC i ka uahi ʻeleʻele nui a me nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hana ka puhi ʻana o XLPE i nā kinoea halogen ʻawaʻawa. ʻIke nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā kaula cross-linked e nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā a me nā noi.
2. ʻĀ koke nā kaula PVC maʻamau (insulation a me ka sheath) me ka puhi wikiwiki ʻana, e hoʻonui ana i ke ahi. Nalowale lākou i ka mana lako mana i loko o 1 a 2 mau minuke. Hoʻokuʻu ka puhi ʻana o PVC i ka uahi ʻeleʻele mānoanoa, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia hanu a me nā pilikia hoʻoneʻe. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi, hoʻokuʻu ka puhi ʻana o PVC i nā kinoea ʻawahia a me nā kinoea ʻino e like me ka hydrogen chloride (HCl) a me nā dioxins, ʻo ia nā kumu nui o nā make i nā ahi (e helu ana i 80% o nā make e pili ana i ke ahi). Hoʻopili kēia mau kinoea i nā lako uila, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka hana insulation a alakaʻi i nā pōʻino lua e paʻakikī ke hoʻēmi.
II. Nā Kaula Pale Lapa
1. Pono nā kaula pale ahi e hōʻike i nā ʻano pale ahi a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau pae pale ahi A, B, a me C e like me IEC 60332-3-24 "Nā hoʻāʻo ma nā kaula uila ma lalo o nā kūlana ahi." Hāʻawi ka Papa A i ka hana pale ahi kiʻekiʻe loa.
Ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻāʻo kuni hoʻohālikelike ma nā uea pale ahi a me nā uea pale ʻole ahi e ka US Standards and Technology Research Institute. Hōʻike nā hopena ma lalo nei i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uea pale ahi:
a. Hāʻawi nā uea pale ahi i ka manawa pakele ma mua o 15 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā uea pale ahi ʻole.
b. ʻO nā uea pale ahi e puhi wale i ka hapalua o ka nui o nā mea e like me nā uea pale ahi ʻole.
c. Hōʻike nā uea pale ahi i ka hapaha wale nō o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wela o nā uea pale ahi ʻole.
d. ʻO nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻawahia mai ke ahi ʻana he hapakolu wale nō ia o nā huahana i pale ʻole i ke ahi.
e. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka hana hana uahi i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā huahana pale ahi a me nā huahana pale ʻole i ke ahi.
2. Nā Uea Uwahi Haʻahaʻa ʻAʻohe Halogen
Pono nā kaula uahi haʻahaʻa halogen-free i nā ʻano halogen-free, uahi haʻahaʻa, a me ka pale ahi, me nā kikoʻī penei:
IEC 60754 (hoʻāʻo halogen-ʻole) IEC 61034 (hoʻāʻo uahi haʻahaʻa)
Ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka PH kaupaona ʻana o ka hoʻoili māmā liʻiliʻi loa
PH≥4.3 r≤10us/mm T≥60%
3. Nā Kaula Pale Ahi
a. ʻO nā hōʻailona hoʻāʻo kuni uwea pale ahi (mahana ahi a me ka manawa) e like me ke kūlana IEC 331-1970 he 750°C no 3 mau hola. Wahi a ka palapala hou IEC 60331 hou loa mai ke koho balota IEC hou nei, ʻo ke ana wela ahi mai 750°C a i 800°C no 3 mau hola.
b. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā uea a me nā kaula pale ahi i nā uea pale ahi a me nā uea pale ahi ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā mea ʻaʻole metala. Hoʻohana nui nā uea pale ahi kūloko i nā alakaʻi i uhi ʻia me ka mica a me ka insulation pale ahi i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano nui, me ka hapa nui he huahana Papa B. ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻokō ana i nā kūlana Papa A e hoʻohana pinepine i nā lipine mica synthetic kūikawā a me nā insulation mineral (core keleawe, ʻūlū keleawe, insulation magnesium oxide, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo MI) nā uea pale ahi.
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻā nā uwea pale ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mineral, ʻaʻole e hana i ka uahi, kūpaʻa i ka pala, ʻaʻohe ʻawahia, kūpaʻa i ka hopena, a kū i ka pīpī wai. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau uwea pale ahi, e hōʻike ana i ka hana pale ahi maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻano uwea pale ahi. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī kā lākou hana hana, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou kumukūʻai, ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou lōʻihi hana, nui ko lākou radius kūlou, hiki ke hoʻomaʻū ʻia ko lākou insulation, a i kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā huahana hoʻokahi-core o 25mm2 a ʻoi aku. Pono nā kikowaena paʻa mau a me nā mea hoʻohui waena, e hoʻolilo ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i mea paʻakikī.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-07-2023