ʻO ka ʻūpā kaula (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻūpā waho a i ʻole ka ʻūpā) ka papa waho loa o ke kaula, ke kaula optical, a i ʻole ke kaula, ʻo ia ka pale nui loa i loko o ke kaula e pale i ka palekana o loko, e pale ana i ke kaula mai ka wela o waho, ke anu, ka pulu, ka ultraviolet, ka ozone, a i ʻole ka pōʻino kemika a me ka mīkini i ka wā a ma hope o ke kau ʻana. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka ʻūpā kaula e pani i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i loko o ke kaula, akā hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pale palena. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻūpā kaula ke hoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke alakaʻi i stranded, a me ka papa pale (inā loaʻa), no laila e hoʻēmi ana i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana me ka hoʻohālikelike electromagnetic o ke kaula (EMC). He mea nui kēia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili mau ʻana o ka mana, ka hōʻailona, a i ʻole ka ʻikepili i loko o ke kaula a i ʻole ke kaula. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka ʻūpā i ka lōʻihi o nā kaula optical a me nā kaula.
Nui nā ʻano o nā mea uhi uwea, nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā ʻāpana uwea -polyethylene i hoʻopili ʻia (XLPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), elastomer thermoplastic (TPE) a mepolyvinyl chloride (PVC), He ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau ʻano hana.
Pono ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka no ka uhi ʻana i ke kaula e noʻonoʻo mua i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni a me ka kūlike o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui. No ka laʻana, pono paha i nā kaiapuni anuanu loa ka uhi ʻana i ke kaula e mau ana ka palupalu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka mea uhi kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kaula optical maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia noi. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke kumu e pono ai ke kaula optical a i ʻole ka uea a me nā koi e pono ai ke hoʻokō.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)he mea maʻamau ia no ka uhi ʻana i ke kaula. Hana ʻia ia me ka resin polyvinyl chloride, e hoʻohui ana i ka stabilizer, plasticizer, nā mea hoʻopihapiha inorganic e like me ka calcium carbonate, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā lubricants, a pēlā aku, ma o ke kāwili ʻana a me ka kāwili ʻana a me ka extrusion. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai kino, mechanical a me nā uila maikaʻi, ʻoiai he kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wā a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, e like me ka flame retardant, ka pale wela a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka uhi kaula PVC ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana PVC i ka extruder a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi e hana i kahi uhi kaula tubular.
ʻO nā pono o ka ʻaʻahu kaula PVC he mea kūʻai ʻole, maʻalahi ke hana a hoʻokomo, a he ākea nā noi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā kaula kamaʻilio, nā kaula kūkulu a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa anu, ke kūpaʻa UV a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka uhi kaula PVC he nāwaliwali loa, aia nā mea ʻino i ke kaiapuni a me ke kino kanaka, a he nui nā pilikia i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai i nā ʻano kūikawā. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike kaiapuni o ka poʻe a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā koi hana mea, ua kau ʻia nā koi kiʻekiʻe no nā mea PVC. No laila, ma kekahi mau wahi kūikawā, e like me ka mokulele, aerospace, mana nukelea a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana pono ʻia ka uhi kaula PVC.
Polyethylene (PE)he mea maʻamau ka uhi uwea. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa anu a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka uhi uwea PE ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui, e like me nā antioxidants, nā mea hoʻomoʻa UV, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka ʻupena kaula PE ua like ia me ko PVC, a ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana PE i ka extruder a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi e hana i kahi ʻupena kaula tubular.
Loaʻa i ka uhi kaula PE nā pono o ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ke kūpaʻa UV, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaula optical, nā kaula voltage haʻahaʻa, nā kaula kamaʻilio, nā kaula mining a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Polyethylene Cross-linked (XLPE) kahi mea uhi kaula me nā waiwai uila a me nā mechanical kiʻekiʻe. Hana ʻia ia e nā mea polyethylene cross-linking i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka hopena crosslinking ke hana i ka mea polyethylene e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional, kahi e loaʻa ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi kaula XLPE ma ke kahua o nā kaula voltage kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā laina hoʻoili, nā substations, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, akā loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā.
Polyurethane (PUR)ʻO ia hoʻi kahi hui o nā palakiko i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1930. Hana ʻia ia e kahi kaʻina hana kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo ka polymerization hoʻohui. ʻO ka mea maka ka petroleum maʻamau, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻuala, kulina a i ʻole nā beets kō i kāna hana ʻana. ʻO PUR kahi mea uhi kaula i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. He mea elastomer ia me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻelemakule, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka aila a me ke kūpaʻa waikawa a me ka alkali, ʻoiai he ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me nā waiwai hoʻōla elastic. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka uhi kaula PUR ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, e like me nā mea pale ahi, nā mea pale wela kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka ʻūpā kaula PUR, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana PUR i kahi extruder a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hana i kahi ʻūpā kaula tubular. He maikaʻi loa nā waiwai mechanical o ka Polyurethane.
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ka mea i ka ʻaʻahu ʻana, ka pale ʻoki a me ke kūpaʻa haehae, a noho palupalu loa ia ʻoiai i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea e kūpono loa ai ʻo PUR no nā noi e pono ai ka neʻe ikaika a me nā koi kūlou, e like me nā kaulahao huki. I nā noi robotic, hiki i nā kaula me ka uhi PUR ke kū i nā miliona o nā pōʻaiapuni kūlou a i ʻole nā ikaika torsional ikaika me ka ʻole o nā pilikia. Loaʻa iā PUR ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka ʻaila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka radiation ultraviolet. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o ka mea, he halogen-free a he flame retardant, he mau pae koʻikoʻi no nā kaula i hōʻoia ʻia e UL a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kaula PUR i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mīkini a me nā hale hana, ka automation ʻoihana, a me ka ʻoihana kaʻa.
ʻOiai he maikaʻi nā waiwai kino, mechanical a me nā kemika o ka ʻupena kaula PUR, he kiʻekiʻe kona kumukūʻai a ʻaʻole kūpono no nā hanana hana nui a haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai.
ʻO ka elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)he mea hoʻopili kaula i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻOkoʻa mai ka polyurethane elastomer (PUR), ʻo TPU kahi mea thermoplastic me ka hiki ke hana maikaʻi a me ka plasticity.
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka ʻūpā kaula TPU, kūpaʻa aila, kūpaʻa waikawa a me ka alkali a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā, a he ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hana hoʻōla elastic, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mīkini paʻakikī a me ke kaiapuni haʻalulu.
Hana ʻia ka ʻūpā kaula TPU ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana TPU i kahi extruder a hoʻopuka iā lākou ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi e hana i kahi ʻūpā kaula tubular.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi ʻana o ke kaula TPU i ka automation ʻoihana, nā lako mīkini, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele neʻe, nā robots a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a me nā kaʻa, nā moku a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu a me ka hana hoʻōla elastic, hiki ke pale pono i ke kaula, akā loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me PUR, loaʻa i ka uhi kaula TPU ka pono o ka hana hana maikaʻi a me ka plasticity, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā koi nui a me ke ʻano o ke kaula. Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka uhi kaula TPU, a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā hanana hana nui a haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai.
ʻŌpala silicone (PU)ʻO ia kahi mea uhi kaula i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. He mea polymer organik ia, e pili ana i ke kaulahao nui i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma silicon a me ka oxygen ma ke ʻano ʻē, a ua hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka ʻātoma silicon me ʻelua mau hui organik o ka laholio. ʻO ka laholio silicone maʻamau i haku nui ʻia me nā kaulahao silicone e loaʻa ana nā hui methyl a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka vinyl. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka hui phenyl hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka laholio silicone, a ʻo ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka hui trifluoropropyl a me cyanide hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa aila o ka laholio silicone. Loaʻa iā PU ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa anu a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation, a he palupalu maikaʻi a me nā waiwai hoʻōla elastic. Hiki i ka uhi kaula laholio silicone ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, e like me nā mea pale ʻaʻahu, nā mea pale aila, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka uhi uwea silicone rubber, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hui silicone rubber i ka extruder a hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hana i kahi uhi uwea tubular. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi uwea silicone rubber i nā koi kū'ē i ke aniau a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi, e like me ka aerospace, nā mea kanu mana nuklea, ka petrochemical, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation, hiki ke hana paʻa i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, kahi ʻino ikaika, akā loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hana hoʻōla elastic, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mīkini paʻakikī a me ke kaiapuni haʻalulu.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea uhi uwea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka mahana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka oxidation o ka uhi uwea silicone rubber, akā he palupalu maikaʻi hoʻi a me ka hana hoʻōla elastic, kūpono no nā wahi hana paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka uhi uwea silicone rubber, a ʻaʻole kūpono no nā hanana hana nui a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)ʻO ia kahi mea uhi kaula i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo polytetrafluoroethylene. He mea polymer ia me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, a hiki ke hana paʻa i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe loa, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosion ikaika. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā plastics fluorine nā waiwai pale ahi maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka uhi kaula fluorine plastic e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana plastic fluorine i ka extruder a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi e hana i kahi uhi kaula tubular.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi uwea plastik fluorine i nā kahua aerospace, nā mea kanu mana nuklea, ka petrochemical a me nā kahua kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe, a me nā semiconductors, nā kamaʻilio optical a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hana paʻa i ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka corrosion ikaika no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā he ikaika mechanical maikaʻi hoʻi a me ka hana hoʻōla elastic, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mīkini paʻakikī a me ke kaiapuni haʻalulu.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea uhi uwea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka uhi uwea fluorine plastic i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, kūpono no nā wahi hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka uhi uwea fluorine plastic, a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā hanana hana nui a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-14-2024