ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaula he mea maʻalahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i kāna kumu ponoʻī, no laila pono e koho pono ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ʻāpana i ka wā e hana ai i ke kaula, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hilinaʻi o ke kaula i hana ʻia i kēia mau mea i ka wā e hana ai.
1. Mea alakaʻi
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaila uila uila he keleawe a me ka alumini. Ua hoʻāʻo pōkole ʻia ka sodium. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele uila o ke keleawe a me ka alumini, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ke keleawe i ka wā e hoʻouna ai i ka manawa like, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke anawaena o waho o ka conductor keleawe ma mua o ka conductor alumini. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumu kūʻai o ka alumini ma mua o ke keleawe. Eia kekahi, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ke keleawe ma mua o ka alumini, ʻoiai inā like ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keʻa o ka conductor aluminika ma mua o ka conductor keleawe, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaula alumini ma mua o ke kaula keleawe. .
2. Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale
Nui nā mea insulating i hiki ke hoʻohana i nā uwea mana MV, ʻoiai me ka ʻenehana impregnated impregnated pepa insulation material, i hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ma mua o 100 mau makahiki. I kēia lā, ua ʻae nui ʻia ka insulation polymer extruded. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea insulation polymer extruded PE (LDPE a me HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE a me EPR. ʻO kēia mau mea he thermoplastic a me ka thermosetting. Hoʻololi nā mea thermoplastic i ka wā e wela ai, ʻoiai nā mea thermoset e paʻa i ko lākou ʻano i nā mahana hana.
2.1. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa pepa
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā lākou hana, lawe ʻia nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pepa i kahi ukana liʻiliʻi a mālama maikaʻi ʻia. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hoʻohana i ka lawe ʻana i ke kaula i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā kūlana kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono o ke kaula o kēia manawa, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻike maikaʻi kumu ke hōʻike i ka hana o ka wā e hiki mai ana. . I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā uwea insulated pepa.
2.2.PVC
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo PVC ma ke ʻano he insulating mea no nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 1kV a ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea sheathing. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻololi koke ʻia nei ka hoʻohana ʻana o PVC i ka hoʻopulapula uwea e XLPE, a ua hoʻololi koke ʻia ka noi i loko o ka puʻu e ka linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) a i ʻole polyethylene high density (HDPE), a me nā mea ʻole. -He haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai o ka pōʻai ola o nā kaula PVC.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDPE) i nā makahiki 1930 a ua hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he resin kumu no ka polyethylene crosslinked (XLPE) a me nā kumulāʻau polyethylene crosslinked (WTR-XLPE). I ka moku'āina thermoplastic, ʻo ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe o ka polyethylene he 75 ° C, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana hana o nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pepa (80 ~ 90 ° C). Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia pilikia me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE), hiki ke hālāwai a ʻoi aku paha i ka mahana lawelawe o nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pepa.
2.4.Polyethylene pili kea (XLPE)
ʻO XLPE kahi mea thermosetting i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDPE) me kahi mea hoʻohui crosslinking (e like me ka peroxide).
ʻO ka nui o ka conductor e hana ana i ka wela o ka XLPE insulated cable ʻo 90 ° C, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo overload a hiki i 140 ° C, a hiki i ka mahana pōkole pōkole ke hiki i 250 ° C. He mau hiʻohiʻona dielectric maikaʻi loa ka XLPE a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka pae uila. o 600V a 500kV.
2.5. Laau pale wai ka polyethylene Cross-linked (WTR-XLPE)
E hōʻemi ana ke ʻano o ka lāʻau wai i ke ola lawelawe o ke kaula XLPE. Nui nā ala e hōʻemi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau wai, akā ʻo kekahi o nā mea maʻamau i ʻae ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea insulation i hana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyethylene cross-linked polyethylene WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)
ʻO ka EPR he mea wela wela i hana ʻia me ka ethylene, propylene (kekahi mau monomer ʻekolu), a ʻo ka copolymer o nā monomer ʻekolu i kapa ʻia ʻo ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Ma luna o kahi ākea ākea, ʻoluʻolu mau ka EPR a loaʻa i ka pale corona maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poho dielectric o nā mea EPR ma mua o XLPE a me WTR-XLPE.
3. Kaʻina hana vulcanization insulation
He kiko'ī ke kaʻina hana crosslinking i ka polymer i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā polymers crosslinked me kahi polymer matrix a laila hoʻohui ʻia nā stabilizers a me nā crosslinkers e hana i kahi hui. Hoʻonui ke kaʻina hana crosslinking i nā wahi pili i ke ʻano molekala. I ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai, e mau ana ke kaulahao polimer molekala, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoki loa ʻia i loko o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai.
4. Ka mea hoʻokele a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea pale
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻāpana pale semi-conductive ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka conductor a me ka insulation e hoʻohui i ke kahua uila a loaʻa i ke kahua uila i loko o ke kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Aia i loko o kēia mea kahi pae ʻenekinia o nā mea ʻeleʻele kalapona e hiki ai i ka papa pale o ke kaula ke hoʻokō i kahi conductivity paʻa i loko o ka pae i makemake ʻia.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-12-2024