ʻO nā mea polyolefin, i ʻike ʻia no kā lākou mau waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, ka hana ʻana, a me ka hana kaiapuni, ua lilo i mea hoʻohana nui i ka insulation a me nā mea sheath i ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona.
ʻO nā polyolefins nā polymers kiʻekiʻe-molecular-weight synthesized mai nā monomers olefin e like me ka ethylene, propylene, a me ka butene. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā kaula, ka hoʻopili, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka automotive, a me nā ʻoihana olakino.
I ka hana ʻana i ke kelepona, hāʻawi nā mea polyolefin i ka dielectric mau haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka insulation, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoia ana i ka paʻa a me ka palekana. ʻO kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona halogen ʻole a hiki ke hana hou ʻia me nā ʻano hou o ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻomau.
I. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
ʻO ka Polyethylene (PE) he resin thermoplastic i hoʻohui ʻia mai nā monomers ethylene a ʻo ia kekahi o nā plastics i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nui a me ka molecular structure, ua māhele ʻia i nā ʻano LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, a me XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa (LDPE)
Hoʻolālā: Hana ʻia e ka polymerization free-radical kiʻekiʻe; loaʻa i nā kaulahao lālā he nui, me ka crystallinity o 55–65% a me ka nui o 0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Nā Waiwai: Malū, ʻākala, a me ka pānaʻi ʻana akā he haʻahaʻa kona pale wela (a hiki i 80 °C).
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea puʻu no ke kamaʻilio a me nā kaula hōʻailona, ke kaulike ʻana i ka maʻalahi a me ka insulation.
(2) Polyethylene Kiekie (HDPE)
Hana: Polymerized ma lalo o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa me Ziegler–Natta catalysts; liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe lālā, kiʻekiʻe crystallinity (80–95%), a me 0.94–0.96 g/cm³ ka mānoanoa.
Nā waiwai: ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka rigidity, ka paʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, akā hoʻemi iki i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā papa insulation, nā conduit kamaʻilio, a me nā sheaths cable fiber optic, e hāʻawi ana i ka maikaʻi o ka wā a me ka pale mechanical, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā hoʻonohonoho waho a lalo paha.
(3) Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Hoʻolālā: Copolymerized mai ka ethylene a me ka α-olefin, me ka lālā kaulahao pōkole; mānoanoa ma waena o 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Nā Pono: Hoʻohui i ka maʻalahi a me ka ikaika me ke kūpaʻa puncture maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻohana: He kūpono no ka sheath a me nā mea insulation ma nā kaula haʻahaʻa a me waena-voltage a me nā kaula hoʻomalu, hoʻonui i ka hopena a me ke kūlou ʻana.
(4)Polyethylene Pili Kea (XLPE)
Hoʻolālā: He ʻupena ʻekolu-dimensional i hana ʻia ma o ke kinikini a i ʻole ka hoʻopili kino (silane, peroxide, a i ʻole electron-beam).
Nā Waiwai: Kūleʻa wela koʻikoʻi, ikaika mechanical, insulation uila, a me ka weatherability.
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā uwea mana waena a me ka uila kiʻekiʻe, nā uwea ikehu hou, a me nā mea uea kaʻa kaʻa - he mea hoʻomake nui i ka hana ʻana i nā uwea hou.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), polymerized mai propylene, he 0.89–0.92 g/cm³ ka mānoanoa, he helu hehee o 164–176 °C, a me ka pae wela hana o –30 °C a 140 °C.
Nā Pono: Māmā, ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, a me ka hoʻokuʻu uila maikaʻi.
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe halogen-free i nā kaula. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo nui i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ke hoʻololi nei ka polypropylene cross-linked (XLPP) a me ka copolymer PP i hoʻololi ʻia i ka polyethylene kuʻuna i nā ʻōnaehana kelepona kiʻekiʻe a me ka uwea kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kaʻaahi, ka makani makani, a me nā kaula kaʻa uila.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
ʻO ka Polybutylene ka Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) a me ka Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Nā Waiwai: Kūleʻa wela maikaʻi, kūpaʻa kemika, a me ke kūpaʻa kolo.
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PB-1 i nā paipu, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo PIB i ka hana ʻana i ke kaula e like me ka wai-blocking gel, sealant, a me ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana ma muli o kāna impermeability kinoea a me ka inertness kemika-i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā kaula fiber optic no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka wai.
II. Nā Mea Hana Polyolefin Maʻamau ʻē aʻe
(1) Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
Hoʻohui ʻo EVA i ka ethylene a me ka vinyl acetate, e hōʻike ana i ka maʻalahi a me ke kūpaʻa anu (e hoʻomau i ka loli ma –50 °C).
Nā Waiwai: ʻAʻohe palupalu, kūpaʻa i ka hopena, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, a me ka ʻelemakule.
Hoʻohana: Ma nā kaula, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo EVA ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi hoʻololi a i ʻole ka mea lawe resin i nā hoʻoheheʻe Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka hana a me ka maʻalahi o ka insulation a me nā mea sheath.
(2) Polyethylene Kaumaha-Kiʻekiʻe-Molecular-Weight (UHMWPE)
Me ka paona molekala ma mua o 1.5 miliona, ʻo UHMWPE kahi mea ʻenehana loea kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Pono: ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā plastics, ka ikaika o ka hopena i ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ABS, ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaula optical a me nā kaula kūikawā e like me ka sheathing kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana no nā mea tensile, e hoʻonui ai i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pōʻino mechanical a me ka abrasion.
III. Ka hopena
ʻO nā mea polyolefin he halogen-noa, haʻahaʻa-uwahi, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa ke puhi ʻia. Hāʻawi lākou i ke kūpaʻa uila, mechanical, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kā lākou hana ma o ka grafting, blending, a me nā ʻenehana crosslinking.
Me kā lākou hui pū ʻana o ka palekana, ka ʻoluʻolu o ke kaiapuni, a me ka hana hilinaʻi, ua lilo nā mea polyolefin i ʻōnaehana kumu kumu i ka ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona. Ke nānā nei i mua, ʻoiai e ulu mau ana nā ʻāpana e like me nā kaʻa ikehu hou, photovoltaics, a me nā kamaʻilio ʻikepili, e hoʻoikaika hou nā mea hou i nā noi polyolefin i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau o ka ʻoihana kelepona.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-17-2025