ʻO nā mea Polyolefin, i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou mau waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, ka hiki ke hana ʻia, a me ka hana kaiapuni, ua lilo i hoʻokahi o nā mea insulation a me nā mea sheath i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana uea a me ke kaula.
ʻO nā Polyolefins he mau polymers kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia mai nā monomers olefin e like me ka ethylene, propylene, a me ka butene. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā kaula, nā ʻōpala, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā kaʻa, a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau.
I ka hana ʻana o ke kaula, hāʻawi nā mea polyolefin i ka dielectric constant haʻahaʻa, ka insulation kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi a me ka palekana. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻano halogen-free a me nā hana hou e kūlike pū me nā ʻano hou i ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻomau.
I. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e ke ʻAno Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
ʻO Polyethylene (PE) kahi resin thermoplastic i polymerized ʻia mai nā monomers ethylene a ʻo ia kekahi o nā plastics i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma muli o ka density a me ke ʻano molekala, ua māhele ʻia i nā ʻano LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, a me XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa-Density (LDPE)
ʻAno: Hana ʻia e ka polymerization radical free-radical kiʻekiʻe-kaomi; loaʻa nā kaulahao lālā he nui, me ka crystallinity o 55-65% a me ka density o 0.91-0.93 g/cm³.
Nā Waiwai: Palupalu, moakāka, a kūpaʻa i ka hopena akā he kūpaʻa wela kūpono (a hiki i ka 80 °C).
Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me kahi mea uhi no ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me nā kaula hōʻailona, e kaulike ana i ka maʻalahi a me ka pale ʻana.
(2) Polyethylene Paʻa Kiʻekiʻe (HDPE)
ʻAno: Hoʻohuihui ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa me nā mea hoʻouluulu Ziegler-Natta; he kakaikahi a ʻaʻohe lālā paha, kiʻekiʻe ka crystallinity (80–95%), a me ka nui o 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Nā Waiwai: Ikaika a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, akā ua hoʻemi iki ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa.
Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā papa insulation, nā conduits kamaʻilio, a me nā uhi kaula fiber optic, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻino maikaʻi loa a me ka pale mechanical, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā hoʻonohonoho waho a i ʻole ma lalo o ka honua.
(3) Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa-Lina (LLDPE)
ʻAno: Hoʻohuihui ʻia mai ka ethylene a me ka α-olefin, me ka lālā kaulahao pōkole; ka nui ma waena o 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Nā Waiwai: Hoʻohui i ka maʻalahi a me ka ikaika me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka puncture.
Nā noi: Kūpono no nā mea uhi a me nā mea hoʻomehana i nā kaula uila haʻahaʻa a me waena a me nā kaula kaohi, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hopena a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kūlou.
(4)Polyethylene i hoʻopili ʻia (XLPE)
ʻAno: He pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional i hoʻokumu ʻia ma o ka crosslinking kemika a kino paha (silane, peroxide, a i ʻole electron-beam).
Nā Waiwai: Ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika mechanical, ka insulation uila, a me ka hiki ke pale i ka wā.
Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaula mana voltage waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, nā kaula ikehu hou, a me nā kaula uea kaʻa - kahi mea insulation nui i ka hana ʻana o nā kaula hou.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
ʻO ka polypropylene (PP), i polymerized ʻia mai ka propylene, he 0.89–0.92 g/cm³ ka nui o ka density, he 164–176 °C ka heheʻe ʻana, a he pae mahana hana mai –30 °C a i 140 °C.
Nā Waiwai: Māmā, ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, a me ka pale uila kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale halogen-free i nā kaula. Me ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ke pani nei ka polypropylene cross-linked (XLPP) a me ka modified copolymer PP i ka polyethylene kuʻuna i nā ʻōnaehana kaula wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke alahao, ka mana makani, a me nā kaula kaʻa uila.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
ʻO Polybutylene ka Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) a me Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Nā Waiwai: Ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa kemika, a me ke kūpaʻa kolo.
Nā noi: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PB-1 i loko o nā paipu, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo PIB i ka hana ʻana i ke kaula ma ke ʻano he gel pale wai, mea sila, a me ka hui hoʻopiha ma muli o kona impermeability kinoea a me ka inertness kemika—hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kaula fiber optic no ka sila ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka makū.
II. Nā Mea Polyolefin Maʻamau ʻē aʻe
(1) ʻEthylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
Hoʻohui ʻo EVA i ka ethylene a me ka vinyl acetate, e hōʻike ana i ka maʻalahi a me ke kūpaʻa anu (mālama i ka maʻalahi ma –50 °C).
Nā Waiwai: Palupalu, kūpaʻa i ka hopena, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, a kūpaʻa i ka wā ʻelemakule.
Nā noi: I loko o nā kaula, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo EVA ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi flexibility a i ʻole ka resin lawe i nā ʻano Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke kūpaʻa hana a me ka flexibility o nā mea insulation eco-friendly a me nā mea sheath.
(2) Polyethylene Kaumaha Molekala Kiʻekiʻe Loa (UHMWPE)
Me ke kaumaha molekala ma mua o 1.5 miliona, he palaki ʻenekinia kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo UHMWPE.
Nā Waiwai: ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o nā plastics, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hopena ma mua o ka ABS i ʻelima mau manawa, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, a me ka omo haʻahaʻa o ka makū.
Nā noi: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaula optical a me nā kaula kūikawā e like me ke kapa komo kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana no nā mea tensile, e hoʻoikaika ana i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pōʻino mechanical a me ka abrasion.
III. Hopena
ʻAʻohe halogen o nā mea Polyolefin, haʻahaʻa ka uahi, a ʻaʻohe ʻawahia ke puhi ʻia. Hāʻawi lākou i ke kūpaʻa uila, mīkini, a me ka hana ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kā lākou hana ma o nā ʻenehana grafting, blending, a me crosslinking.
Me ko lākou hui pū ʻana o ka palekana, ka launa pū ʻana me ke kaiapuni, a me ka hana hilinaʻi, ua lilo nā mea polyolefin i ʻōnaehana mea nui i ka ʻoihana uea a me ke kaula hou. Ke nānā nei i mua, ʻoiai e ulu mau ana nā ʻāpana e like me nā kaʻa ikehu hou, nā photovoltaics, a me nā kamaʻilio ʻikepili, e hoʻoikaika hou nā hana hou i nā noi polyolefin i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomau o ka ʻoihana kaula.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2025