1. Hoʻolauna
ʻO EVA ka pōkole no ka ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, he polyolefin polymer. Ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, ka wai maikaʻi, polarity a me nā mea halogen ʻole, a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano polymers a me nā pauka mineral, ka nui o nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kino, nā waiwai uila a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana kaulike, a ʻaʻole ke kumukūʻai. kiʻekiʻe, lawa ka lako o ka mākeke, no laila e like me ke kaula insulation material, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka filler, sheathing material; hiki ke hana ʻia i mea thermoplastic, a hiki ke hana ʻia i mea hoʻohui keʻa thermosetting.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo EVA i nā mea hoʻohana ākea, me nā mea pale ahi, i ka uahi haʻahaʻa halogen-noa a i ʻole halogen wahie pale; e koho i ka maʻiʻo VA kiʻekiʻe o ka EVA ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu hiki ke hana ʻia i mea ʻaila-pale; E koho i ka helu heheʻe o ka EVA maʻalahi, e hoʻohui i ka 2 a 3 mau manawa i ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka EVA flame retardants hiki ke hana i ke kaʻina hana extrusion a me ke kumukūʻai o kahi mea pale oxygen ʻoi aku ke kaulike (hoʻopiha).
I loko o kēia pepa, mai nā waiwai hoʻolālā o EVA, ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kāna noi i ka ʻoihana kelepona a me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala.
2. Nā waiwai hale
I ka hana ʻana i ka synthesis, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ratio o ka polymerisation degree n / m hiki ke hana i ka ʻike VA mai 5 a 90% o EVA; ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka polymerisation degere hiki ke hana i ke kaumaha molekala mai nā ʻumi kaukani a i nā haneli haneli o EVA; ʻO ka maʻiʻo VA ma lalo o 40%, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka crystallization hapa, elasticity maikaʻi ʻole, ʻike mau ʻia ʻo EVA plastic; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike VA ma mua o 40%, ʻo kahi elastomer like me ka lāʻau me ka crystallization ʻole, ʻike ʻia ʻo EVM rubber.
1. 2 Waiwai
ʻO ke kaulahao molekala o EVA he hale saturated linear, no laila ua maikaʻi ka wela wela, ka wā a me ke kūpaʻa ozone.
ʻAʻole loaʻa nā kaulahao nui o ka EVA mole, benzene apo, acyl, amine pūʻulu a me nā hui ʻē aʻe e maʻalahi ke puhi i ka wā e puhi ai, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā kaulahao ʻaoʻao i ka puhi ʻana i ka methyl, phenyl, cyano a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka mole ponoʻī nā mea halogen, no laila kūpono loa ia no ke kumu wahie resistive haʻahaʻa halogen-free.
ʻO ka nui nui o ka hui vinyl acetate (VA) ma ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao EVA a me kona polarity waena, ʻo ia ka mea e pale ai i ka manaʻo o ka iwi hope vinyl e crystallize a hui maikaʻi me nā mea hoʻopihapiha mineral, kahi e hana ai i nā kūlana no nā wahie pale hana kiʻekiʻe. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no ka uahi haʻahaʻa a me nā pale halogen ʻole, no ka mea, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā mea pale ahi me ka ʻoi aku o ka 50% volume content [eg Al(OH) 3, Mg(OH) 2, etc.] no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o nā kūlana kelepona. no ka pale ʻana i ke ahi. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo EVA me kahi maʻiʻo VA ma waena a kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka uahi haʻahaʻa a me nā wahie pale ahi ʻole halogen me nā waiwai maikaʻi loa.
No ka mea he polar ka hui EVA ʻaoʻao vinyl acetate group (VA), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi VA, ʻoi aku ka polar o ka polymer a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka aila. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻaila i koi ʻia e ka ʻoihana kelepona e pili ana i ka hiki ke kū i ka ʻaila mineral non-polar a nāwaliwali polar. E like me ke kumu o ka like like, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo EVA me ka waihona VA kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka uahi haʻahaʻa a me ka pale wahie halogen-free me ke kūpaʻa ʻaila maikaʻi.
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā molekala EVA i ka alpha-olefin H atom hana, i nā radical peroxide a i ʻole ka hopena electron-radiation kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke lawe i ka hopena H cross-linking, e lilo i kea a i ʻole ka lāʻau, hiki ke koi i nā koi hana. o na mea uwea kūikawā a me na mea uwea.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hui vinyl acetate e hāʻule nui ka mahana heheʻe o EVA, a ʻo ka helu o nā kaulahao ʻaoʻao pōkole VA hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kahe o EVA. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana extrusion ma mua o ke ʻano molekala o ka polyethylene like, e lilo ana i mea kumu i makemake ʻia no nā mea pale semi-conductive a me ka halogen a me ka halogen-free wahie pale.
2 Pono huahana
2. 1 Kiʻekiʻe loa kiʻekiʻe koina hana
ʻO nā waiwai kino a me nā mechanical o EVA, ke kū'ē wela, ke kū'ē i ka wā, ke kū'ē ozone, nā waiwai uila. E koho i ka papa kūpono, hiki ke hana i ka wela wela, ka hana ʻana o ka lapalapa ahi, akā ʻo ka ʻaila hoʻi, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea Thermoplastic EVA me kahi waihona VA o 15% a 46%, me kahi helu heheʻe o 0. 5 a 4 mau māka. He nui nā mea hana EVA, nui nā hōʻailona, nā koho ākea, nā kumukūʻai kūpono, nā lako kūpono, pono nā mea hoʻohana e wehe i ka ʻāpana EVA o ka pūnaewele, ka hōʻailona, hana, kumukūʻai, wahi hoʻouna i kahi maka, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho, loa. oluolu.
ʻO ka EVA he polyolefin polymer, mai ka palupalu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike hana, a me nā mea polyethylene (PE) a me nā mea uea polyvinyl chloride (PVC) palupalu. Akā ʻo ka noiʻi hou aʻe, e ʻike ʻoe iā EVA a me nā ʻano mea ʻelua ma luna aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ʻole.
2. 2 hana maikaʻi loa
EVA i loko o ka uwea noi mea mai ka waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe voltage uwea pale mea i loko a ma waho o ka hoʻomaka, a ma hope hoʻonui i halogen-noa wahie pale. ʻO kēia mau ʻano mea ʻelua mai ka manaʻo hana i manaʻo ʻia he "mea hoʻopiha piha ʻia": nā mea pale ma muli o ka pono e hoʻohui i kahi helu nui o ke kalapona kalapona conductive a hoʻonui i kona viscosity, hāʻule nui ka wai; Pono e hoʻohui i ka wahie halogen-free flame retardant i ka nui o nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi halogen-free, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka viscosity mea halogen-free, ua hāʻule nui ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻonā ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi polymer e hiki ke hoʻokipa i ka nui o ka hoʻopihapiha, akā he haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a me ka wai maikaʻi. No kēia kumu, ʻo EVA ka koho i makemake ʻia.
ʻO ka EVA melt viscosity me ka extrusion processing temperature a me ka shear rate e hoʻonui i ka emi wikiwiki, pono wale ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻoponopono i ka mahana extruder a me ka wikiwiki o ka screw, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana maikaʻi loa i nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona. A nui helu o ka hale a me ka haole palapala hoike ia, no ka piha piha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-noa mea, no ka mea, o ka viscosity nui loa, hehee ka papa kuhikuhiE mea uuku, pela wale no ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka haʻahaʻa compression lākiō wili ( kaomi lākiō o emi ma mua o 1. 3) extrusion, i mea e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi extrusion maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea EVM e pili ana i ka Rubber me nā mea vulcanising ma luna o nā extruders a me nā extruder kumu nui. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana vulcanization (cross-linking) ma o ka thermochemical (peroxide) cross-linking a i ʻole ma ka electron accelerator irradiation cross-linking.
2. 3 Maʻalahi e hoʻololi a hoʻololi
Aia nā uwea a me nā kaula ma nā wahi a pau, mai ka lani a i ka honua, mai nā mauna a i ke kai. He ʻokoʻa a ʻano ʻē nā mea hoʻohana o ka uea a me nā koi, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka uea a me ke kaula like, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa hana i ka insulation a me nā mea uhi uhi.
I kēia manawa, ma ka home a ma waho, ʻike mau ʻo PVC palupalu i ka hapa nui o nā mea polymer i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kelepona. Eia naʻe, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.
Ua kaupalena nui ʻia nā mea PVC, ke hana nei nā ʻepekema i nā mea āpau e loaʻa ai nā mea ʻē aʻe i PVC, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohiki ʻo EVA.
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo EVA me nā polymers like ʻole, akā me nā ʻano pauka mineral like ʻole a me nā mea kōkua e hoʻoponopono ʻia, hiki ke hana ʻia nā huahana i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka plastic thermoplastic no nā kaula palaki, akā i loko o ka pahu hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā kaula hao. Hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ke hoʻokumu i nā koi o ka mea hoʻohana (a i ʻole ka maʻamau), ʻo EVA ke kumu kumu, e hana i ka hana o ka mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi.
3 EVA ka laula noi
3. 1 Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pale semi-conductive no nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ka mea nui o ka mea pale he conductive carbon black, i loko o ka plastic a i ʻole ka lāʻau kumu kumu e hoʻohui i ka nui o ka kalapona ʻeleʻele e hōʻemi nui i ka wai o ka mea pale a me ka maʻalahi o ka pae extrusion. No ka paleʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu hapa i nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe, pono nā pale o loko a me waho e lahilahi,'ālohilohi,'ālohilohi aʻaʻahu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā polymers ʻē aʻe, hiki iā EVA ke hana i kēia maʻalahi. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ke kaʻina hana extrusion o EVA he mea maikaʻi loa, maikaʻi ke kahe ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ke ʻano rupture. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea pale i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻōwili ʻia i ka conductor ma waho i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pale i loko - me ka mea pale i loko; wahī ʻia i loko o ka insulation waho i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pale waho - me ka mea pale waho; ʻO ka mea pale i loko ka nui o ka thermoplastic ʻO ka mea pale i loko ka nui o ka thermoplastic a ua hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ma EVA me kahi waihona VA o 18% a 28%; ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o waho ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia a hiki i ka peelable a hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ma EVA me kahi waihona VA o 40% a 46%.
3. 2 ʻO nā wahie pale ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Thermoplastic flame retardant polyolefin i ka ʻoihana kelepona, ka mea nui no ka halogen a i ʻole halogen-free koi o nā kaula moana, nā kaula mana a me nā laina kūkulu kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kā lākou mau mahana hana lōʻihi mai 70 a 90 °C.
No nā kaula uila uila a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 kV a ma luna, he kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi o ka hana uila, ʻo nā waiwai pale ahi e lawe nui ʻia e ka puʻu o waho. Ma kekahi mau hale a i ʻole nā papahana e koi ana i ke kaiapuni, pono nā kaula e loaʻa ka uahi haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe halogen, haʻahaʻa ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole uahi haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai halogen haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻo ka thermoplastic flame retardant polyolefins kahi hopena kūpono.
No kekahi mau kumu kūikawā, ʻaʻole nui ka anawaena o waho, ke kū ʻana o ka mahana ma 105 ~ 150 ℃ ma waena o ke kaula kūikawā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea polyolefin flame retardant, hiki ke koho ʻia kona cross-linking e ka mea hana kelepona e like me kā lākou hana ponoʻī. , nā kuʻuna kiʻekiʻe-puʻe mahu a kiʻekiʻe-mehana paakai auau, akā, loaʻa pū kekahi electron accelerator lumi mahana irradiation cross-linked ala. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kona mahana hana lōʻihi i 105 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃ ʻekolu faila, hiki ke hana ʻia ka mea kanu e like me nā koi like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohana a i ʻole nā maʻamau, halogen-free a i ʻole halogen-containing fuel parrier.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo nā polyolefins he polar polar ʻole a nāwaliwali polar polar. ʻOiai ua like lākou me ka ʻaila mineral i ka polarity, ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā polyolefins i ka liʻiliʻi i ka ʻaila e like me ke kumu o ka hoʻohālikelike like. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻamau kelepona ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e pono ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi nā kūʻē cross-linked i nā aila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a hiki i nā slurries aila, nā waikawa a me nā alkalis. He paʻakikī kēia no nā mea noiʻi waiwai, i kēia manawa, inā ma Kina a ma waho paha, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia mau mea koi, a ʻo kāna kumu kumu ʻo EVA.
3. 3 Oxygen mea pale
ʻO nā uwea multi-core i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he nui nā hakahaka ma waena o nā cores e pono e hoʻopiha ʻia e hōʻoia i ke ʻano o ke kaula pōʻai, inā hana ʻia ka hoʻopiha ʻana i loko o ka puʻu o waho me ka pale wahie ʻole halogen. Ke hana nei kēia papa hoʻopihapiha e like me ka pale ahi (oxygen) i ka wā e puhi ai ke kaula a no laila ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he "oxygen barrier" i ka ʻoihana.
ʻO nā koi kumu no kahi mea pale oxygen: nā waiwai extrusion maikaʻi, maikaʻi ka halogen-free flame retardancy (oxygen index ma mua o 40) a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia pale oxygen i loko o ka ʻoihana kelepona no nā makahiki he ʻumi a ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka retardancy ahi o nā kaula. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pale oxygen no nā uwea pale ahi ʻole halogen a me nā kaula pale ahi ʻole halogen (e laʻa me PVC). Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā uwea me kahi pale oxygen e hele i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ahi kū hoʻokahi a me nā hoʻāʻo puhi ʻana.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea, ʻo kēia mea pale oxygen he "ultra-high filler", no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, pono ia e hoʻohana i kahi hoʻopihapiha kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokō i kahi helu oxygen kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohui pū i kahi kiʻekiʻe. (2 a 3 manawa) o Mg (OH) 2 a i ʻole Al (OH) 3, a no ka extrude maikaʻi a pono e koho iā EVA i mea kumu.
3. 4 Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo PE sheathing material
ʻElua mau pilikia e hiki ai ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka polyethylene: ʻo ka mua, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻili manō) i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai; ʻO ka lua, ua maʻalahi lākou i ke kaiapuni pilikia. ʻO ka hopena maʻalahi ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi hapa o ka EVA i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he EVA i hoʻololi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maʻiʻo VA haʻahaʻa o ka papa, ʻo kāna helu heheʻe ma waena o 1 a 2 kūpono.
4. Nā manaʻo hoʻomohala
(1) Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo EVA i ka ʻoihana kelepona, ka nui o ka makahiki i ka ulu mālie a paʻa. ʻOi loa i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua ulu wikiwiki ʻo EVA-based fuel resistance, a ua hoʻololi i kahi ʻāpana i ke ʻano o nā mea uea PVC. ʻO kāna hana kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa a me ka hana maikaʻi loa o ke kaʻina extrusion he paʻakikī ke pani i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
(2) ʻO ka ʻoihana kelepona ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka resin EVA kokoke i 100,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻohana ʻia ke koho ʻana o nā ʻano resin EVA, ka ʻike VA mai haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe, hui pū ʻia me ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻoihana granulation, pālahalaha i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. aia wale nō i loko o nā tausani o ka resin EVA i luna a i lalo, a no laila ʻaʻole ia e lilo i ka manaʻo nui o ka ʻoihana EVA. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui loa o ka waihona kumu hoʻopaʻa ahi ʻole halogen, ke koho nui o VA / MI = 28/2 ~ 3 o ka resin EVA (e like me ka US DuPont's EVA 265 #). A ʻo kēia papa kikoʻī o EVA i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea hana hale e hana a hoʻolako. ʻAʻole e haʻi i ka ʻike VA ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 28, a me ka helu helu heheʻe ma mua o 3 o nā mea hana resin EVA ʻē aʻe.
(3) ʻO nā hui ʻē aʻe e hana ana i ka EVA no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea hoʻokūkū kūloko, a ua lōʻihi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai, me ka hoʻopaʻa nui ʻana i ka hoihoi o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka VA maʻiʻo o ka rubber-type EVM, he hui haole i hoʻomalu ʻia, a ua like ke kumukūʻai me ka waihona VA o ka brand 2 a 3 mau manawa. ʻO ia mau kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻopili pū i ka nui o kēia ʻano kaila EVM, no laila ke kāhea nei ka ʻoihana kelepona i nā mea hana EVA home, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka hale o EVA. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka resin EVA.
(4) Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka nalu o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ke au o ka honua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo EVA e ka ʻoihana kelepona ʻo ia ka mea kumu kumu maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i ka wahie. Ke ulu nei ka hoʻohana ʻana o EVA ma kahi o 15% i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo. ʻO ka nui a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea pale a me ka hana uila uila uila a me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana, ma kahi o 8% a 10% ma waena; Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kū'ē polyolefin, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua noho ma 15% a 20% ma waena, a ma ka foreseeable hiki mai 5 a hiki i 10 makahiki, hiki ke mālama i kēia ulu ulu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2022