Hoʻopili pololei ka hana o nā mea insulating i ka maikaʻi, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā uea a me nā kaula. Hoʻopili pololei ka hana o nā mea insulating i ka maikaʻi, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā uea a me nā kaula.
1.PVC polyvinyl chloride uea a me nā kaula
ʻO Polyvinyl chloride (ma hope aku i kapa ʻia ʻoPVC) nā mea insulating he hui ia i hoʻohui ʻia nā stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants, lubricants a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i ka pauka PVC. E like me nā noi like ʻole a me nā koi ʻano o nā uea a me nā kaula, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano. Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua lilo ka ʻenehana hana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o PVC i kēia manawa. He nui loa ka noi o ka PVC insulating material ma ke kahua o nā uea a me nā kaula a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ponoʻī:
A. He oʻo ka ʻenehana hana, maʻalahi e hana a hana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe o ke kelepona insulation, ʻaʻole ia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō, akā hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka ʻokoʻa kala, ʻōlinolino, paʻi ʻana, ka hana pono ʻana, palupalu a me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili uea, ka adhesion o ka conductor, a me ka mechanical a me ke kino waiwai a me nā pono uila o ka uea ponoʻī.
B. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana pale ahi maikaʻi loa, no laila hiki i nā uea insulated PVC ke hoʻokō maʻalahi i nā māka pale ahi i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā kūlana like ʻole.
C. E pili ana i ka pale wela, ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano kumu waiwai, ʻo nā ʻano mea hoʻohana maʻamau o ka insulation PVC ka mea nui i kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu.
Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka volta helu, hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā pae uila i helu ʻia ma 1000V AC a ma lalo, a hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mea pono hale, nā mea kani a me nā mika, nā kukui, a me ka kamaʻilio pūnaewele.
Loaʻa i ka PVC kekahi mau drawbacks i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kāna noi:
A. Ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka chlorine, e hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ka nui o ka uahi mānoanoa i ka wā e ʻaʻa ai, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino, hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike, a hana i kekahi mau carcinogens a me ke kinoea HCl, e hōʻeha nui ai i ke kaiapuni. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka uahi haʻahaʻa zero halogen insulation material manufacturing technology, hoʻololi mālie i ka insulation PVC i lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomohala i nā kaula.
B. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke kūʻē ʻana o ka insulation PVC maʻamau i nā waikawa a me nā alkalis, ka ʻaila wela, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. E like me ka loina kemika o like dissolves like, PVC uea ua nui prone i ka poino a me ka pohā i loko o ka kiko'ī kaiapuni i oleloia. Eia naʻe, me kāna hana hoʻoponopono maikaʻi loa a me ka uku haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kaula PVC i nā mea pono o ka hale, nā kukui uila, nā lako mīkini, nā mea kani a me nā mika, ke kamaʻilio pūnaewele, nā wili hale a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
2. Nā uwea polyethylene i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
ʻO ka PE i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ma hope aku i kapa ʻia ʻoXLPE) he ʻano polyethylene e hiki ke hoʻololi mai kahi ʻano molekula laina i kahi ʻano ʻekolu-dimensional ʻekolu ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana ma lalo o ka hana a nā kukuna ikaika kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui cross-linking. I ka manawa like, hoʻololi ia mai ka thermoplastic i ka plastic thermosetting insoluble.
I kēia manawa, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uea a me ka insulation uwea, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano cross-linking:
A. Hoʻohui keʻa peroxide: Hoʻohana mua ia i ka polyethylene resin i hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui keʻa kūpono a me nā antioxidants, a laila hoʻohui i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka mea e pono ai e hana i nā ʻāpana huila polyethylene hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia. I ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ma o nā paipu hoʻopaʻa i ka mahu wela.
B. Silane cross-linking (wai mehana cross-linking): He ʻano hana hoʻi kēia o ka hoʻopili kemika. ʻO kāna hana nui ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka organosiloxane a me ka polyethylene ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, a
nd hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma kahi o 60%.
C. Iradiation cross-linking: Hoʻohana ia i nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kukui R, nā kukuna alpha, a me nā kukuna electron no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o nā macromolecules polyethylene a kumu i ka hoʻopili ʻana. ʻO nā kukuna ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā uea a me nā kaula he mau kukuna electron i hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻokele electron. No ka hilina'i o keia hookui kea i ka ikehu kino, pili ia i ka hookui kino.
ʻO nā ʻano hana crosslinking ʻokoʻa ʻekolu ma luna nei he ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā noi.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polyethylene thermoplastic (PVC), ʻo ka insulation XLPE nā mea maikaʻi aʻe:
A. Ua hoʻonui ia i ka pale ʻana o ka wela, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻelemakule wela.
B. Ua hoʻonui i ka paʻa kemika a me ka pale ʻana i ka solvent, hoʻemi i ke kahe anuanu, a mālama pono i ka hana uila mua. Hiki i ka mahana hana lōʻihi ke hiki i 125 ℃ a me 150 ℃. ʻO ka polyethylene insulated wire a me ke kaula e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūʻokoʻa pōkole, a hiki i kona pale mahana pōkole ke hiki i 250 ℃, no nā uea a me nā kaula o ka mānoanoa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa o ka polyethylene cross-linked.
C. Loaʻa iā ia ka mechanical maikaʻi, wai a me ka radiation-resistant, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano āpau. E like me: nā uea pili i loko no nā mea uila, nā alakaʻi kaʻa, nā alakaʻi kukui, nā uwea hoʻomalu hōʻailona haʻahaʻa no nā kaʻa, nā uea locomotive, nā uea a me nā uwea no nā subways, nā kaula hoʻomalu kaiapuni no nā mines, nā kaula moana, nā uwea no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i ka mana nuklea, nā uea kiʻekiʻe-voltage no ke TV, nā uwea kiʻekiʻe no ka X-RAY a me nā uwea.
ʻO nā uea a me nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo XLPE he mau pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi, akā loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau hemahema i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kā lākou noi:
A. Poor wela-kū'ē adhesion hana. I ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uea ma mua o ko lākou helu ʻana, ua maʻalahi nā uea e pili kekahi i kekahi. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pōʻino insulation a me nā pōkole pōkole.
B. Poor wela conduction kū'ē. Ma nā mahana ma mua o 200 ℃, lilo ka insulation o nā uea i palupalu loa. Ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka ikaika o waho a i ʻole ka hui ʻana, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia nā uea a pōkole.
C. He paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka ʻokoʻa kala ma waena o nā pūʻulu. ʻO nā pilikia e like me ka ʻōpala, ke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻano paʻi i paʻi ʻia e ʻili ana i ka wā o ka hana
D. ʻO ka XLPE insulation me ka pae wela o ka 150 ℃ piha i ka halogen-ʻole a hiki ke hele i ka ho'āʻo puhi ahi VW-1 e like me nā kūlana UL1581, me ka mālamaʻana i nā pono mechanical a me ka uila. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō kekahi mau bottlenecks i ka ʻenehana hana hana a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.
3. ʻO nā uwea a me nā kaula silicone
ʻO nā molekala polimer o ka ʻili silikoni he mau kaulahao i hana ʻia e nā paʻa SI-O (silicon-oxygen). ʻO ka palapala SI-O he 443.5KJ/MOL, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ikehu paʻa CC (355KJ/MOL). Hoʻopuka ʻia ka hapa nui o nā uea silicone a me nā kaula ma o ka extrusion anu a me nā kaʻina hana vulcanization kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o nā ʻano uwila synthetic a me nā kaula, ma muli o kāna ʻano molecular kū hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana silikoni ma mua o nā ʻōpala maʻamau.
A. He palupalu loa, he elasticity maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe ona a ʻona ʻole, ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke kū i ke anu nui. ʻO ka pae wela hana mai -90 a 300 ℃. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka wela ma mua o ka lāʻau maʻamau. Hiki ke hoʻohana mau ʻia ma 200 ℃ a no kahi manawa ma 350 ℃.
B. Kūleʻa maikaʻi i ka wā. ʻOiai ma hope o ka ʻike lōʻihi ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me nā kūlana climatic ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻololi wale ʻia kona mau kino kino.
ʻO C. Silicone rubber he resistivity kiʻekiʻe loa a paʻa mau kona kūpaʻa ma luna o kahi ākea o nā wela a me nā alapine.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale silicone i ka hoʻokuʻu corona kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokuʻu arc. ʻO nā uea a me nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Silicone ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma luna a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā uea uila kiʻekiʻe no nā televise, nā uea kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe no ka umu microwave, nā uea no nā mea kuke induction, nā uea no ka kofe POTS, ke alakaʻi no nā kukui, nā lako UV, nā kukui halogen, nā uea pili kūloko no nā umu a me nā mea pā, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kahua o nā mea hale liʻiliʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi o kāna mau hemahema i kaupalena ʻia i kāna noi ākea. ʻo kahi laʻana:
H. He kūʻē i ka waimaka maikaʻi ʻole. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia paha, hiki ke pōʻino ma muli o ke kaomi ʻana o waho, ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka wili ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopōkole. ʻO ke ana palekana o kēia manawa ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ke aniani a i ʻole ka polyester fiber kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waho o ka insulation silicone. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, pono e pale aku i nā ʻeha i hana ʻia e ka ikaika o waho e ʻoki ʻia i ka hiki.
B. ʻO ka vulcanizing agent i kēia manawa i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka vulcanization molding he pālua, ʻelua, ʻehā. Loaʻa ka chlorine i kēia mea vulcanizing agent. Loaʻa i nā mea hana vulcanizing manuahi ʻole halogen (e like me ka platinum vulcanizing) i nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka wela o ke kaiapuni hana a he kumukūʻai. No laila, i ka hana ʻana i nā harnesses uea, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau mea: ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kaomi o ka huila kaomi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai i ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻino.
4. uwea ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) pulupulu (XLEPDM) uea.
ʻO ka ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke keʻa he terpolymer o ka ethylene, propylene a me ka diene non-conjugated, i hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā ʻano kemika a i ʻole ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia ka uea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo EPDM i hoʻohui ʻia i nā pono o ka uea polyolefin insulated a me ka uea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia maʻamau.
A. He palupalu, ʻoluʻolu, elastic, lāʻau ʻole i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻelemakule lōʻihi, a kūpaʻa i nā kūlana ʻino (-60 a 125 ℃).
B. Ozone kū'ē, UV kū'ē, uila insulation kū'ē, a kemika corrosion kū'ē.
C. 'O ka 'aila a me ka'ūhehe'e kū'ē ua like ia me ka mea nui-kumu chloroprene rubber insulation. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e nā lako extrusion wela maʻamau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka irradiation cross-linking, maʻalahi ke hana a haʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai. Loaʻa i nā uea insulated ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kahua e like me ke alakaʻi compressor refrigeration, nā alakaʻi kaʻa wai ʻole, nā alakaʻi transformer, nā kelepona kelepona i nā mines, wili, nā kaʻa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā moku, a me nā uwila kūloko o nā mea uila.
ʻO nā hemahema nui o nā laina XLEPDM:
A. E like me nā uea XLPE a me PVC, ʻilihune kona waimaka.
B. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻopili ponoʻī iā ia iho i ke kaʻina hana.
5. ʻO nā uwea fluoroplastic a me nā kaula
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaula polyethylene a me ka polyvinyl chloride maʻamau, loaʻa i nā kaula fluoroplastic nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi:
A. Loaʻa i nā fluoroplastics kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa wela, e hiki ai i nā kaula fluoroplastic ke hoʻololi i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe mai ka 150 a 250 degere Celsius. Ma lalo o ke kūlana o nā conductors me ka ʻāpana cross-sectional like, hiki i nā kaula fluoroplastic ke hoʻouna i kahi manawa ʻae ʻia, a laila e hoʻonui nui i ka laulā noi o kēia ʻano uea insulated. Ma muli o kēia waiwai kūʻokoʻa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kaula fluoroplastic no nā wili kūloko a me nā uea alakaʻi i nā mokulele, nā moku, nā umu wela wela, a me nā mea uila.
B. Hoʻopaneʻe ahi maikaʻi: Loaʻa i nā Fluoroplastics kahi helu oxygen kiʻekiʻe, a i ka wā e ʻā ana, liʻiliʻi ka laulā o ka lapalapa ahi, e hoʻemi ana i ka uahi. ʻO ka uea i hana ʻia mai ia mea he kūpono ia no nā mea hana a me nā wahi me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka retardancy ahi. Eia kekahi laʻana: nā pūnaewele lolouila, nā subway, nā kaʻa, nā hale kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi lehulehu ʻē aʻe, a pēlā aku. Ke ʻā ke ahi, hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i kekahi manawa e haʻalele ai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana e ka uahi mānoanoa, no laila e loaʻa ai ka manawa hoʻopakele waiwai.
C. Hana uila maikaʻi loa: Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polyethylene, loaʻa i nā fluoroplastics kahi mau dielectric haʻahaʻa. No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaula coaxial o nā hale like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kaula fluoroplastic a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe. I kēia mau lā, ʻo ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kelepona i lilo i ʻano. I kēia manawa, ma muli o ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka fluoroplastics, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia lākou e like me nā wili kūloko no ka hoʻouna ʻana a me nā lako kamaʻilio, nā mea lele ma waena o nā mea hānai uila uila a me nā transmitters, a me nā kelepona wikiō a me nā leo. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa i nā kaula fluoroplastic ka ikaika dielectric maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa insulation, e kūpono iā lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula hoʻokele no nā mea kani nui a me nā mika.
D. Mekinika a me ka waiwai kemika: Loaʻa i nā Fluoroplastics ka ikehu paʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole pili i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana, a loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule maikaʻi a me ka ikaika mechanical. A ʻaʻole pili ʻia e nā waikawa like ʻole, alkalis a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. No laila, kūpono ia no nā kaiapuni me nā loli nui a me nā kūlana corrosive, e like me ka petrochemical, hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā mea kani aila.
E. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pili kuʻi I nā mea uila, nui nā pilina i hana ʻia e ka wili. Ma muli o ka helu heheʻe haʻahaʻa o nā plastik maʻamau, maʻalahi lākou e heheʻe maʻalahi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e koi ana i nā mākau wili. Eia kekahi, pono kekahi mau wahi weld i kahi manawa wili, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu e kaulana ai nā kaula fluoroplastic. E like me ka uwea kūloko o nā lako kamaʻilio a me nā mea uila.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa i nā fluoroplastics kekahi mau hemahema e kaupalena i kā lākou hoʻohana:
A. He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka. I kēia manawa, hilinaʻi nui ka hana ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai (Daikin o Iapana a me DuPont o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa). ʻOiai ua ulu wikiwiki nā fluoroplastics home i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hoʻokahi wale nō nā ʻano hana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai, aia nō kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka paʻa wela a me nā waiwai piha o nā mea.
B. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea insulating ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana, haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā huapalapala i paʻi ʻia, a nui ka pohō, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hana.
I ka hopena, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea insulating i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea insulating kūikawā kiʻekiʻe me ke kūpaʻa wela o luna o 105 ℃, aia nō i kahi manawa hoʻololi ma Kina. ʻO ka hana uea a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka uea, ʻaʻole wale kahi kaʻina oʻo, akā he kaʻina no ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i nā pono a me nā hemahema o kēia ʻano uea.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-27-2025