ʻO ka ʻūpā a i ʻole ka ʻūpā waho ka papa pale waho loa i loko o ke ʻano kaula optical, i hana nui ʻia me ka mea ʻūpā PE a me ka mea ʻūpā PVC, a hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ʻūpā flame-retardant halogen-free a me ka mea ʻūpā pale uila i nā hanana kūikawā.
1. Mea ʻūpā PE
ʻO PE ka pōkole o ka polyethylene, he hui polymer i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka polymerization o ka ethylene. Hana ʻia ka mea uhi polyethylene ʻeleʻele ma ke kāwili like ʻana a me ka granulating polyethylene resin me ka stabilizer, carbon black, antioxidant a me ka plasticizer ma kahi ʻāpana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea uhi polyethylene no nā uhi kaula optical i ka polyethylene low-density (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) a me high-density polyethylene (HDPE) e like me ka density. Ma muli o ko lākou mau densities like ʻole a me nā ʻano molekala, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau waiwai. ʻO ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa-density, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-pressure, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka copolymerization o ka ethylene ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o 1500 atmospheres) ma 200-300°C me ka oxygen ma ke ʻano he catalyst. No laila, aia i loko o ke kaulahao molekala o ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa-density nā lālā he nui o nā lōʻihi like ʻole, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lālā kaulahao, ke ʻano like ʻole, ka crystallinity haʻahaʻa, a me ka maʻalahi a me ka elongation maikaʻi. ʻO ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-density, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he polyethylene haʻahaʻa-kaomi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka polymerization o ka ethylene ma ke kaomi haʻahaʻa (1-5 mau lewa) a me 60-80°C me nā mea hoʻouluulu alumini a me titanium. Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala haiki o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-density a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o nā mole, he mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi kona, ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi a me kahi ākea o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana. Hana ʻia ka mea uhi polyethylene medium-density ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-density a me ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa-density i kahi ʻāpana kūpono, a i ʻole ma ka polymerizing ethylene monomer a me propylene (a i ʻole ka monomer ʻelua o 1-butene). No laila, ʻo ka hana o ka polyethylene medium-density ma waena o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-density a me ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa-density, a loaʻa iā ia ka maʻalahi o ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa-density a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa a me ka ikaika tensile o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe-density. Hoʻohuihui ʻia ka polyethylene linear haʻahaʻa-density e ka pae kinoea haʻahaʻa-kaomi a i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻonā me ka ethylene monomer a me 2-olefin. ʻO ke kekelē lālā o ka polyethylene linear haʻahaʻa-density ma waena o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, no laila he kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ia i ka haki ʻana o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā mea PE. Pili ia i ka hanana i hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo mea i nā māwae koʻikoʻi kūlou i ke kaiapuni o ka surfactant. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka māwae koʻikoʻi o nā mea: ke kaumaha molekala, ka hoʻolaha kaumaha molekala, ka crystallinity, a me ka microstructure o ke kaulahao molekala. ʻO ka nui o ke kaumaha molekala, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻolaha kaumaha molekala, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilina ma waena o nā wafers, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni o ka mea, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe o ka mea; i ka manawa like, pili pū ka crystallization o ka mea i kēia hōʻailona. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka crystallinity, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni o ka mea. ʻO ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana o nā mea PE kekahi hōʻailona e ana i ka hana o ka mea, a hiki ke wānana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea. Hiki i ka ʻike kalapona i loko o nā mea PE ke pale pono i ka erosion o nā kukuna ultraviolet ma luna o ka mea, a hiki i nā antioxidants ke hoʻomaikaʻi pono i nā waiwai antioxidant o ka mea.
2. Mea ʻūpā PVC
Aia i loko o ka mea pale ahi PVC nā ʻātoma chlorine, e ʻā ana i ka lapalapa. Ke ʻā, e palaho a hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o ke kinoea HCL ʻawaʻawa a ʻawaʻawa, kahi e hōʻeha ai i ka lua, akā e pio ia iā ia iho i ka wā e haʻalele ai i ka lapalapa, no laila he ʻano ia o ka hoʻolaha ʻole ʻana i ka lapalapa; i ka manawa like, he maikaʻi ka maʻalahi a me ka hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia o ka mea uhi PVC, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaula optical o loko.
3. Mea ʻūpā lapalapa ʻole halogen
Ma muli o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka polyvinyl chloride i nā kinoea ʻawahia i ka wā e puhi ana, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe i kahi mea pale ahi haʻahaʻa-uahi, ʻaʻohe halogen, ʻaʻohe ʻawahia, maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻohui i nā mea pale ahi inorganic Al(OH)3 a me Mg(OH)2 i nā mea pale ahi maʻamau, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka wai kristal i ka wā e hālāwai ai me ke ahi a omo i ka nui o ka wela, a laila e pale ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka mea pale ahi a pale i ka puhi ʻana. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mea pale ahi inorganic i nā mea pale ahi halogen-free, e piʻi ka conductivity o nā polymers. I ka manawa like, he mau mea ʻelua-pae like ʻole nā resins a me nā mea pale ahi inorganic. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, pono e pale i ka hui like ʻole ʻana o nā mea pale ahi ma kahi kūloko. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā mea pale ahi inorganic i nā nui kūpono. Inā nui loa ka hapa, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ikaika mechanical a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana o ka mea. ʻO nā hōʻailona no ka loiloi ʻana i nā waiwai pale ahi o nā mea pale ahi halogen-free ʻo ia ka helu oxygen a me ka noʻonoʻo uahi. ʻO ka helu kuhikuhi oxygen ka palena iki o ka oxygen e pono ai no ka mea e mālama i ke kuni kaulike i loko o kahi kinoea i hui pū ʻia o ka oxygen a me ka naikokene. ʻO ka nui o ka helu kuhikuhi oxygen, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai pale ahi o ka mea. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka nui o ka uahi ma ke ana ʻana i ka transmittance o ke kukuna kukui like e hele ana ma o ka uahi i hana ʻia e ke kuni ʻana o ka mea ma kahi ākea a me ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka uahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka uahi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka mea.
4. Mea uhi pale uila
Aia a nui aʻe nā kaula optical kākoʻo ponoʻī āpau (ADSS) e waiho ana ma ka hale kiaʻi hoʻokahi me nā laina kiʻekiʻe o luna uila i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio mana. I mea e lanakila ai i ka mana o ke kahua uila hoʻokomo uila kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻupena kaula, ua hoʻomohala a hana ka poʻe i kahi mea ʻupena pale uila hou, ʻo ka mea ʻupena ma o ka kaohi pono ʻana i ka ʻike o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, ka nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā e hana i ka mea ʻupena i ka hana pale uila maikaʻi loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-26-2024